EC Pharmacology And Toxicology

Review Article Volume 12 Issue 12 - 2024

A Comprehensive Review on Phytopharmacological Studies of Leucas aspera

Sandhya BC1, Asma Saqib2* and Vijay Kumar Govindraj3

1PhD Scholar, Department of Biochemistry, Reva university, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
2Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Cluster University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
3Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Reva university, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
*Corresponding Author: Asma Saqib, Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Cluster University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Received: November 08, 2024; Published: November 20, 2024



Global health awareness is required for better treatment of human diseases and their medication is necessary and the current study presents the phytopharmacological studies of Leucas aspera (Lamiaceae) based on the recent research reports. Most of photosynthetic substances have been extracted from L. aspera including oleanolic corrosive, ursolic corrosive and 3 sitosterol, leucasperones A and B, leucasperols A and B, isopimarane is the most active component of aspera. The plant contains abundant bioactives such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenes and N containing compounds which shows different pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anticancer and Leucas aspera is also used to treat various diseases. This review gives findings from various in vitro and in vivo activities performed by different researchers and further studies are required to investigate the bioactives present in the plant and development of different therapeutic medicines to treat the diseases by medical validation and bring awareness the usage of leucas aspera as therapeutic agent. This abstract reviews the key potential phytochemical components and encourages further research for its applications for development of different functional health products.

 Keywords: Pharmacognostic; Antinociceptive; Angiosuppressive; Parkinson’s Disease; Antidiabetic; CNS Depressant Activity

  1. Kumar GV and N Devanna. “An update of Leucas aspera-a medicinal plant”. International Journal of Science and Research Methodology 1 (2016): 485-503.
  2. Sabri G., et al. “Leucas aspera: Medicinal Plant Review”. International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 3 (2015): 1-8.
  3. Srinivasan R., et al. “Leucas aspera-Medicinal Plant: A Review”. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 2 (2011): 153-159.
  4. Gadari Bhavitha., et al. “A systematic review on hepatoprotective herbal plants”. International Journal of Research in Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics3 (2023): 215-223.
  5. Prajapati M S., et al. “Leucas aspera: A review”. Pharmacognosy Reviews7 (2010): 85-87.
  6. Trease GE and WC Evans. “A taxonomic approach to the study of medicinal plants and animal derived drugs”. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy (2002).
  7. Kirtikar KR and BD Basu. “Indian Medicinal Plants”. New Delhi: Periodical Experts (1975): 2019-2020.
  8. Susmi Tasmina Ferdous., et al. “In Vitro antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities and in silico anticancer property of methanolic leaf extract of Leucas Indica”. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked 31 (2022): 100963.
  9. Patil SJ. “Antioxidant studies, in vitro cytotoxic and cell viability assay of flavonoids and alkaloids of Leucas aspera (Wild.) Linn Leaves”. Asian Journal of Biological and Life Sciences1 (2021): 165-171.
  10. Antil Reena., et al. "Antimicrobial, phytochemical and antioxidant potential of lamiaceae family plant: aspera (willd.) linn”. Plant Archives 20.1 (2020): 616-630.
  11. Patil Sharangouda J. "Antioxidant studies, in vitro cytotoxic and cell viability assay of flavonoids and alkaloids of Leucas aspera (Wild.) Linn leaves”. Asian Journal of Biological and Life Sciences1 (2021): 165.
  12. Patil Sharangouda J. "Antioxidant studies, in vitro cytotoxic and cell viability assay of flavonoids and alkaloids of Leucas aspera (Wild.) Linn leaves”. Asian Journal of Biological and Life Sciences1 (2021): 165.
  13. Augustine Bibin Baby., et al. "Leucas aspera inhibits the Dalton's ascitic lymphoma in Swiss albino mice: A preliminary study exploring possible mechanism of action”. Pharmacognosy Magazine38 (2014): 118-124.
  14. Murugesan Gayathri., et al. "Leucas aspera mediated SeO nanoparticles synthesis for exploiting its pharmaceutical efficacy”. Plant Nano Biology 2 (2022): 100013.
  15. Bhosale Amarja H and Chandrashekhar V Murumkar. "Ayurvedic drug developments with medicinal plants: an innovative way”. Nanotechnology Applications in Medicinal Plants and their Bionanocomposites: An Ayurvedic Approach (2024): 199.
  16. Sadhu Samir Kumar., et al. "Separation of Leucas aspera, a medicinal plant of Bangladesh, guided by prostaglandin inhibitory and antioxidant activities”. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin5 (2003): 595-598.
  17. Antil Reena., et al. "Antimicrobial, phytochemical and antioxidant potential of Lamiaceae family plant: aspera (willd.) linn”. Plant Archives 20.1 (2020): 616-630.
  18. Rahman MS., et al. "Preliminary antinociceptive, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Leucas aspera root”. Fitoterapia7-8 (2007): 552-555.
  19. Nipu Akmal Hosain., et al. "Preliminary phytochemical screening and evaluation of antihyperglycemic and antinociceptive effects of a combination of Leucas aspera aerial parts and Zingiber officinale rhizomes”. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8 (2017): 135-145.
  20. Hiremath Shilpa., et al. "Leucas aspera spreng (dronapushpi): a review”. Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 1 (2022): 48-54.
  21. Hiremath Shilpa., et al. "Leucas aspera spreng (dronapushpi): a review”. Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 8 (2022): 48-54.
  22. Gangadharan Asha. "Free radical scavenging and elastase inhibitory activity of different extracts of Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link-An in vitro study”. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources (IJNPR) [Formerly Natural Product Radiance (NPR)] 1 (2021): 61-67.
  23. Radhakrishnan Ramesh., et al. "Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles mediated by aqueous leaf extracts of Leucas aspera and Morinda tinctoria”. Letters in Applied NanoBioScience4 (2021): 2706-2714.
  24. Vasudha K., et al. "Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of root and leaf extracts of Leucas aspera”. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 3 (2019): 141-147.
  25. Jain Sourabh., et al. "In-vitro evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Leucas aspera roots and leaves”. International Journal of Pharmacy and Life Sciences 6 (2020): 6650-6654.
  26. Srinivas K., et al. "Anti-inflammatory activity of Heliotropium indicum and Leucas aspera Spreng. in albino rats”. Indian Journal of Pharmacology (2000): 37-38.
  27. Samprita Sungar., et al. "Phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory efficacy of Leucas aspera Leaf Extracts". Archives of Razi Institute4 (2024): 761-768.
  28. Murugesan Gayathri., et al. "Leucas aspera mediated SeO nanoparticles synthesis for exploiting its pharmaceutical efficacy”. Plant Nano Biology 2 (2022): 100013.
  29. Shelke SS., et al. "Hepatoprotective potential of root extract of Leucas aspera”. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015): 708-738.
  30. Mangathayaru K., et al. "Effect of Leucas aspera on hepatotoxicity in rats”. Indian Journal of Pharmacology5 (2005): 329-330.
  31. Limbasiya KK., et al. "Evaluation of Anti asthmatic activity of dried whole plant extract of Leucas aspera using various experimental animal models”. International Journal of Phytopharmacology3 (2012): 291-298.
  32. Karthikeyan M and Deepa Karthikeyan. "The analgesic effect of Leucas aspera (Wild) link extract in experimental mice”. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology1 (2010): 95-98.
  33. Augustine Bibin Baby., et al. "Evaluation of immunomodulatory activity of ethyl acetate extract of Leucas aspera in Swiss albino mice”. International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP)2 (2014).
  34. Kayesh Din Mohammad Ivne., et al. "Evaluation of cytotoxic and anthelmintic activities of the leaves of Leucas aspera”. International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutical Research6 (2013): 1817-1822.
  35. Madhu GC., et al. "In-vivo studies on anti-diabetic potential of Leucas aspera in streptozotocin induced diabetic wistar albino rats”. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics4-s (2019): 105-110.
  36. K Bhuvaneswari, et al. "In vitro anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anticancer properties of copper nanoparticles synthesized by medicinal plant Leucas aspera (Willd)". Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy1 (2023): 57-65.
  37. Nagamani JE., et al. "In vitro study on protease and thrombolytic activity of aqueous extract from Leucas aspera (L.) leaves”. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (2021): 73-76.
  38. Reza Rashed., et al. "Neuropharmacological profile of methanolic extract of Leucas aspera leaves in Swiss Albino Mice”. SOJ Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 5 (2018): 1-8.
  39. Gupta N., et al. "A comparative antipyretic activity of the crude extracts of the plant Leucas aspera and Glycosmis pentaphylla”. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research 1 (2011): 320-323.
  40. Padmakumari P., et al. "Evaluation of antibacterial, analgesic and antipyretic activity of Leucas aspera Spreng”. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry3 (2012): 186-190.
  41. Soujanya Kanneboina, et al. "Leucas aspera: A wild traditional green leafy vegetable with immense pharmacological properties”.
  42. Radhakrishnan Ramesh., et al. "Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles mediated by aqueous leaf extracts of Leucas aspera and Morinda tinctoria”. Letters in Applied NanoBioScience4 (2021): 2706-2714.
  43. Murugesan Gayathri., et al. "Leucas aspera mediated SeO nanoparticles synthesis for exploiting its pharmaceutical efficacy”. Plant Nano Biology 2 (2022): 100013.
  44. Menezes Ashton. "Computational analysis of phytocompounds present in Leucas aspera to target Parkinson’s disease-causing alpha-synuclein” (2022).
  45. Kalita Meghali., et al. "Understanding biochemical defense of Leucas aspera in crude oil polluted habitat and changes in soil properties” (2021).
  46. Sabri G., et al. "Leucas aspera: Medicinal plant review”. International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 3 (2015): 1-8.
  47. Latha B., et al. "Phytochemical studies on Leucas aspera”. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research 4 (2013): 222-228.
  48. Venkatesan C., et al. "Antivenom activity of triterpenoid (C34H68O2) from Leucas aspera against Naja najanaja venom induced toxicity: Antioxidant and histological study in mice”. Human and Experimental Toxicology 33.4 (2014): 336-359.
  49. Kalaivanan Prabakaran., et al. "Evaluation of wound healing activity of baicalein-7-O-β-D-glucuronide isolated from Leucas aspera”. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science12 (2013): 046-051.
  50. Sri Devi M., et al. "Angiosuppresive activity of Leucas aspera (Willd) Linn. using Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay”. IJIRSET 2 (2013): 6327-6333.
  51. Sri Devi M., et al. "Angiosuppresive activity of Leucas aspera (Willd) Linn. using Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay”. IJIRSET 2 (2013): 6327-6333.
  52. Sabri G., et al. "Leucas aspera: Medicinal plant review”. International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 3 (2015): 1-8.

Asma Saqib., et al. “A Comprehensive Review on Phytopharmacological Studies of Leucas aspera”. EC Pharmacology and Toxicology  12.12 (2024): 01-10.