EC Nutrition

Review Article Volume 18 Issue 10 - 2023

Would Science Knowledge, Food and Agriculture Sector be Considered Basic Human Services or Commercial Services in this Post Covid19 Era? Decision will Determine the Destination

Faiza Abdur Rab*

Assistant Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

*Corresponding Author: Faiza Abdur Rab, Assistant Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
Received: November 05, 2023; Published: December 04, 2023



Individual choices for food selection are different which depend on several factors. Recently marketing tools have been in use to alter food choices. Food which was considered to be source of nourishment only has been recognized for its prophylactics and therapeutic role which is evident by the fact that use of certain diet preparations have played significant role in eradicating Covid19 from Pakistan and also from other regions of globe (Papers, also revealing molecular mechanisms, have already been submitted). Parallel to this, it had already been reported that use of ultra-processed food is associated with an increase in risk of wide range of diseases. But this finding has been covered up while advertising the use of junk and ultra-processed food items in convincing manner. This paper discusses how business tools are being used to influence people’s choices and effect their decisions making options, risking the pace of reporting authentic knowledge and obsolete findings on one hand whereas on other hand put the well being of global community at risk while contributing to climate change. In the end, a recommendation is made which would determine the future destination of global community depending on the decisions made for to achieve Sustainable Development Agenda Goals 2023 under umbrella of United Nations.

 Keywords: Food Supply Chain; Climate Change; Artificial Intelligence; Business Models; Global Circular Debt; Covid 19 Pandemic; Natural Health; Science Principles; Food as Medicine; Business Intelligence; Sustainable Development Agenda Goals 2023; United Nations

  1. “History and Philosophy of Social Welfare Services in Nigeria 1900-1960”. Aboki Publishers (2008).
  2. Maxwell S and Smith M. “Household food security; a conceptual review”. In S. Maxwell and T.R. Frankenberger, editions. Household Food Security: Concepts, Indicators, Measurements: A Technical Review. New York and Rome: UNICEF and IFAD (1992).
  3. Maxwell S. “Food security: a post-modern perspective”. Food Policy2 (1996): 155-170.
  4. “World Food Security: A Reappraisal of the Concepts and Approaches” (1983).
  5. Director General’s Report. Rome. World Bank. “Poverty and Hunger: Issues and Options for Food Security in Developing Countries”. Washington DC (1986).
  6. “Human Development Report”. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press (1994).
  7. Drèze J and Sen A. “Hunger and Public Action”. Oxford: Clarendon Press (1989).
  8. “The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2001”. Rome (2002).
  9. Sen A. “Poverty and Famines”. Oxford: Clarendon Press (1981).
  10. “The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2001”. Rome (2002): 4-7.
  11. World Bank. “Poverty and Hunger: Issues and Options for Food Security in Developing Countries”. Washington DC (1986).
  12. Cavalli-Sforza L., et al. “The History and Geography of Human Genes”. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press (1994).
  13. Katz Solomon H. “The Biocultural Evolution of Cuisine”. In Handbook of the Psychophysiology of Human Eating, edited by R. Shepard, Wiley Psychophysiology Handbooks. New York John Wiley (1989): 115-140.
  14. Katz Solomon H. “An Evolutionary Theory of Cuisine”. Human Nature 1 (1990): 233-259.
  15. Katz Solomon H. "Food and Biocultural Evolution: A Model for the Investigation of Modern Nutritional Problems”. In Nutritional Anthropology, edited by Francis E. Johnston. New York: Allen Liss (1987): 41-66.
  16. Rankin A., et al. “Food choice motives, attitude towards and intention to adopt personalised nutrition”. Public Health Nutrition14 (2018): 2606-2616.
  17. Katz SH. “An evolutionary theory of cuisine”. Human Nature 1 (1990): 233-259.
  18. Shi-Ming MA and Sauerborn Joachim. “Review of History and Recent Development of Organic Farming Worldwide”. Agricultural Sciences in China 3 (2006): 169-178.
  19. Heiman A., et al. “Food beliefs and food supply chains: The impact of religion and religiosity in Israel”. Food Policy 83 (2019): 363-369.
  20. D'Haene E., et al. “Religion, Food Choices, and Demand Seasonality: Evidence from the Ethiopian Milk Market”. Foods5 (2019): 167.
  21. Tan MM., et al. “Religiosity and spirituality and the intake of fruit, vegetable, and fat: a systematic review”. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCAM (2013): 146214.
  22. Suleman S., et al. “Religiosity, halal food consumption, and physical well-being: An extension of the TPB”. Cogent Business and Management 8 (2021): 1.
  23. Florença SG., et al. “Food Myths or Food Facts? Study about Perceptions and Knowledge in a Portuguese Sample”. Foods11 (2021): 2746.
  24. Allegra D., et al. “A review on food recognition technology for health applications”. Health Psychology Research3 (2020): 9297.
  25. Rab FA. “Who Should Come in Research?” EC Nutrition3 (2017a): 102-104.
  26. Rab FA. “Eat Fresh Live Young”. EC Nutrition01 (2017b): 03-05.
  27. Rab FA. “Is Sugar an Accessory or a Necessary”. EC Nutrition4 (2018a): 236-237.
  28. Rab FA. “Drug Disease Relationship and the Role of Food in Healthy Living”. EC Nutrition8 (2018b).
  29. Rab FA. “Genome-Nutrifortified Diets-Their Disease Protection and Remedy Potential”. Journal of Probiotics and Health 6 (2018c): 204.
  30. Rab FA. “Comparison between Safety Risks Associated with Domestically Processed Food and Commercially Manufactured Processed Food across the Food Supply Chain”. EC Nutrition5 (2019a): 414-416.
  31. Rab FA. “Is Hunger More Dangerous than having Mal-Nutrition or Consuming Unsafe Diet”. EC Nutrition12 (2019b): 01-05.
  32. Rab FA. “Halal or Haram-New for Religious Scholars Muslim World and Food Supply Chain Stake Holders”. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 6 (2020): 3.
  33. Abdur Rab F and Hassan A. “Tourism, Health Promoting Food Domain and Technology Applications: Individual’s Genes Reservoir, Environmental Change and Food in Natural Health Context”. In: Hassan, A. (editions) Handbook of Technology Application in Tourism in Asia. Springer, Singapore (2022).
  34. Abideen AZ., et al. “Food Supply Chain Transformation through Technology and Future Research Directions-A Systematic Review”. Logistics4 (2021): 83.
  35. Bayir B., et al. “Issues and Challenges in Short Food Supply Chains: A Systematic Literature Review”. Sustainability5 (2020): 3029.
  36. Gurrala KR and Hariga M. “Key Food Supply Chain Challenges: A Review of the Literature and Research Gaps 442”. Operations and Supply Chain Management 4 (2022): 441-460.
  37. Yadav VS., et al. “A systematic literature review of the agro-food supply chain: Challenges, network design, and performance measurement perspectives”. Sustainable Production and Consumption 29 (2022): 685-704.
  38. Taoumi H and Lahrech K. “Economic, environmental and social efficiency and effectiveness development in the sustainable crop agricultural sector: A systematic in-depth analysis review”. Science of The Total Environment 901 (2023).
  39. Martinho VJPD. “Food Marketing as a Special Ingredient in Consumer Choices: The Main Insights from Existing Literature”. Foods11 (2020): 1651.
  40. Pagliai G., et al. “Consumption of ultra-processed foods and health status: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. The British Journal of Nutrition3 (2021): 308-318.
  41. Wakefield MA., et al. “Use of mass media campaigns to change health behaviour”. Lancet9748 (2010): 1261-1271.
  42. Dorta-González P and Gómez-Déniz E. “Modeling the obsolescence of research literature in disciplinary journals through the age of their cited references”. Scientometrics 127 (2022): 2901-2931.
  43. Karakuş Umar E and Beyaz R. “Planned Obsolescence: Is It a Trap Set for the Consumer or Is It a Strategy Contributing to Social Development?” Ege Academic Review3 (2021): 181-191.
  44. Dhar PK and Giuliani A. “Laws of biology: why so few?” Systems and Synthetic biology1 (2010): 7-13.
  45. Di Vaio A., et al. “Artificial Intelligence in the Agri-Food System: Rethinking Sustainable Business Models in the COVID-19 Scenario”. Sustainability12 (2020): 4851.
  46. Nilsson M., et al. “Policy: Map the interactions between Sustainable Development Goals”. Nature7607 (2016): 320-322.
  47. Bottani E., et al. “Resilient food supply chain design: Modelling framework and metaheuristic solution approach”. Computers and Industrial Engineering Journal 135 (2019): 177-198.
  48. Lakshmi V and Corbett J. “How Artificial Intelligence Improves Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability: A Global Thematic Analysis”. In Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS Conference Office, Wailea, HI, USA (2020).
  49. Ludeke-Freund F. “Towards a conceptual framework of business models for sustainability”. In Proceedings of the ERSCP-EMSU Conference 2010. Netherlands, Holland (2020): 25-29 October.
  50. Stevens L and Shearmur R. “The end of location theory? Some implications of micro-work, work trajectories and gig- work for conceptualizing the urban space economy”. Geoforum 111 (2020): 155-164.
  51. Downer S., et al. “Food is medicine: actions to integrate food and nutrition into healthcare”. British Medical Journal 369 (2020): m2482.
  52. Food as medicine: translating the evidence”. Nature Medicine 29 (2023): 753-754.
  53. Rab FA. “Food items biologically tailored to meet nutritional deficiency challenge during Covid 19 Pandemic”. Journal of Probiotics and Health 9 (2021): 233.
  54. Daily Pakistan. Corona virus - Our fight or flight (2020).
  55. Ibuprofen and coronavirus: What is the connection-if any-according to health experts (2020a).
  56. Diet for Covid-19 (2020b).
  57. Adams RM., et al. “Effects of global climate change on agriculture: an interpretative review”. Climate Research1 (1998): 19-30.
  58. Abbass K., et al. “A review of the global climate change impacts, adaptation, and sustainable mitigation measures”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29 (2022): 42539-42559.
  59. Duchenne-Moutien RA and Neetoo H. “Climate Change and Emerging Food Safety Issues: A Review”. Journal of Food Protection11 (2021): 1884-1897.
  60. Dasgupta S and Robinson EJZ. “Attributing changes in food insecurity to a changing climate”. Scientific Reports 12 (2022): 4709.
  61. Lynch J., et al. “Agriculture's Contribution to Climate Change and Role in Mitigation Is Distinct From Predominantly Fossil CO2-Emitting”. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 4 (2021).
  62. Vermeulen JS., et al. “Climate Change and Food Systems”. Annual Review of Environment and Resources1 (2012): 195-222.
  63. Holka M., et al. “Reducing Carbon Footprint of Agriculture-Can Organic Farming Help to Mitigate Climate Change?” Agriculture9 (2022): 1383.

Faiza Abdur Rab. “Would Science Knowledge, Food and Agriculture Sector be Considered Basic Human Services or Commercial Services in this Post Covid19 Era? Decision will Determine the Destination”. EC Nutrition  18.10 (2023): 01-08.