EC Nutrition

Review Article Volume 18 Issue 4 - 2023

Review on Comparison of Diabetic Drugs

Vidhya Varshini D, Divya Sree T, Punniyakoti Veeraveedu Thanikachalam* and Velmurugan R

Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Kanchipuram - Chennai Rd, Tamil Nadu, India
*Corresponding Author: Punniyakoti Veeraveedu Thanikachalam, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Kanchipuram - Chennai Rd, Tamil Nadu, India.
Received: March 15, 2023; Published: April 10, 2023



Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a carbohydrate metabolic disorder that occurs when the blood glucose level is high. The pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin aid in the metabolism of glucose. Our body's inability to produce enough insulin or to utilize it effectively can occasionally lead to a variety of health problems. Anti-diabetic medications were created to regulate and stabilize blood glucose levels. This lowers liver glucose levels and increases the body's sensitivity to insulin, resulting in improved insulin utilization. Anti-diabetic medications come in a variety of forms, such as insulin injections, metformin, acarbose, pioglitazone, Glipizide, etc. In this article, the most popular and widely used anti-diabetic medications were examined with others in the same class.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus; Antidiabetic Drugs; Blood Glucose; IDDM; NIDDM

  1. Diabetes: An Overview (2017).
  2. Nicholson G and Hall GM. “Diabetes mellitus: new drugs for a new epidemic”. British Journal of Anaesthesia1 (2011): 65-73.
  3. Agarwal AA., et al. “Prescribing pattern and efficacy of anti-diabetic drugs in maintaining optimal glycemic levels in diabetic patients”. Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy3 (2014): 79.
  4. Inzucchi SE and McGuire DK. “New drugs for the treatment of diabetes: part II: Incretin-based therapy and beyond”. Circulation4 (2008): 574-584.
  5. Hsu WC., et al. “Utilization of a cloud-based diabetes management program for insulin initiation and titration enables collaborative decision making between healthcare providers and patients”. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics2 (2016): 59-67.
  6. Ruscica M., et al. “Non-insulin anti-diabetic drugs: An update on pharmacological interactions”. Pharmacological Research 115 (2017): 14-24.
  7. Baker C., et al. “Should metformin remain the first-line therapy for treatment of type 2 diabetes?” Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism 12 (2021): 2042018820980225.
  8. Bailey CJ. “Biguanides and NIDDM”. Diabetes care6 (1992): 755-772.
  9. Stumvoll M., et al. “Metabolic effects of metformin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus”. New England Journal of Medicine9 (1995): 550-554.
  10. Czyzyk A., et al. “Effect of phenformin on the exocrine function of the pancreas and on insulin secretion after intraduodenal infusion of HCl and intravenous injection of secretin”. Diabetes12 (1973): 932-937.
  11. Proks P., et al. “Sulfonylurea stimulation of insulin secretion”. Diabetes3 (2002): S368-S376.
  12. Basit A., et al. “Glimepiride: evidence-based facts, trends, and observations”. Vascular Health and Risk Management 8 (2012): 463-472.
  13. Simonson DC., et al. “Efficacy, safety, and dose-response characteristics of glipizide gastrointestinal therapeutic system on glycemic control and insulin secretion in NIDDM. Results of two multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. The Glipizide Gastrointestinal Therapeutic System Study Group”. Diabetes Care4 (1997): 597-606.
  14. Bennett WL., et al. “Comparative effectiveness and safety of medications for type 2 diabetes: an update including new drugs and 2-drug combinations”. Annals of Internal Medicine9 (2011): 602-613.
  15. McGuire DK and Inzucchi SE. “New drugs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus: part I: Thiazolidinediones and their evolving cardiovascular implications”. Circulation3 (2008): 440-449.
  16. Aronoff S., et al. “Pioglitazone hydrochloride monotherapy improves glycemic control in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: a 6-month randomized placebo-controlled dose-response study. The Pioglitazone 001 Study Group”. Diabetes Care11 (2000): 1605-1611.
  17. Lebovitz HE., et al. “Rosiglitazone monotherapy is effective in patients with type 2 diabetes”. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism1 (2001): 280-288.
  18. Wu PC., et al. “Meglitinides increase the risk of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: a nationwide, population-based study”. Oncotarget 44 (2017): 78086-78095.
  19. Guardado-Mendoza R., et al. “The role of nateglinide and repaglinide, derivatives of meglitinide, in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus”. Archives of Medical Science5 (2013): 936-943.
  20. Hasslacher C. “Multinational Repaglinide Renal Study Group. Safety and efficacy of repaglinide in type 2 diabetic patients with and without impaired renal function”. Diabetes Care3 (2003): 886-891.
  21. Rosenstock J., et al. “Repaglinide versus nateglinide monotherapy: a randomized, multicenter study”. Diabetes Care6 (2004): 1265-1270.
  22. Lovshin JA. “Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a class update for treating type 2 diabetes”. Canadian Journal of Diabetes5 (2017): 524-535.
  23. Garber AJ. “Long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: a review of their efficacy and tolerability”. Diabetes Care2-2 (2011): S279-284.
  24. Umpierrez G., et al. “Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide monotherapy versus metformin in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-3)”. Diabetes Care8 (2014): 2168-2176.
  25. Berra CC., et al. “Clinical efficacy and predictors of response to dulaglutide in type-2 diabetes”. Pharmacological Research 159 (2020): 104996.
  26. Nistala R and Savin V. “Diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease progression: role of DPP4”. The American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology4 (2017): F661-F670.
  27. Muscelli E., et al. “Mechanisms for the antihyperglycemic effect of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes”. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism8 (2012): 2818-2826.
  28. Men P., et al. “Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. PLoS One5 (2018): e0197321.
  29. Scirica BM., et al. “SAVOR-TIMI 53 Steering Committee and Investigators. Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus”. The New England Journal of Medicine14 (2013): 1317-1326.
  30. Filippatos TD., et al. “Dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus”. Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism1 (2015): 29-41.
  31. Hsia DS., et al. “An update on sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes mellitus”. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity1 (2017): 73-79.
  32. Peene B and Benhalima K. “Sodium-glucose transporter protein 2 inhibitors: focusing on the kidney to treat type 2 diabetes”. Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism5 (2014): 124-136.

Punniyakoti Veeraveedu Thanikachalam., et al. "Review on Comparison of Diabetic Drugs". EC Nutrition 18.4 (2023): 04-16.