EC Nutrition

Narrative Review Volume 21 Issue 1 - 2026

Nutritional Approach to Alleviate Fatigue in T2DM, a Narrative Review

Shirley Clyde Rupert Brandao1,2, Patricia Ruffo3 and Jessica Lorenzo4*

1Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Columbus, Ohio, US
2Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
3RD, PhD, Medical Affairs and Research, Nutrition Division, Abbott Laboratories, São Paulo, Brazil
4International Nutrition Science and Global Platforms Innovation and Research, Abbott Nutrition International, USA

*Corresponding Author: Jessica Lorenzo, International Nutrition Science and Global Platforms Innovation and Research, Abbott Nutrition International, USA.
Received: December 03, 2025; Published: December 11, 2025



Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a persistent metabolic disease characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and dysregulated glucose homeostasis resulting from impaired insulin signaling and pancreatic β-cells dysfunction, affecting millions globally. Beyond its well-known complications, T2DM is increasingly associated with fatigue and sleep disturbances, which significantly impair quality of life and are often underrecognized in clinical care. This review explores the multifactorial origins of fatigue in T2DM, including neuromuscular dysfunction, mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress, and glycemic variability. It also highlights the systemic impact of poorly managed T2DM on cognitive function, muscle performance, and sleep quality. Special attention is given to nutritional strategies aimed at alleviating fatigue and improving metabolic outcomes. Key dietary components-such as low-glycemic index carbohydrates, dietary fiber, high-quality proteins, healthy fats, and inositol-are examined for their roles in glycemic control, muscle preservation, and energy regulation. The review also discusses the emerging role of diabetes-specific nutrition formulas (DSNFs) and bioactive compounds, particularly polyphenols, in managing fatigue and enhancing sleep quality. These compounds, found in plant-based foods, show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insulin-sensitizing properties that may complement conventional therapies. Micronutrients such as vitamin D, magnesium, and iron are also explored for their influence on sleep and fatigue. By integrating current evidence, this paper highlights the importance of a holistic, nutrition-centered approach to T2DM management that addresses both metabolic and quality-of-life outcomes. The findings support the potential of targeted nutritional interventions as adjunctive strategies for reducing fatigue and improving overall well-being in individuals with T2DM.

 Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Fatigue; Nutritional Interventions; Glycemic Control; Diabetes Specific Nutritional Formulas

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Shirley Clyde Rupert Brandao., et al. “Nutritional Approach to Alleviate Fatigue in T2DM, a Narrative Review”. EC Nutrition  21.1 (2026): 01-15.

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