EC Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease and has remained a major global health problem. It is the ninth leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause from a single infectious agent, ranking above HIV/AIDS. Ethiopia is among the 30 high TB and MDR-TB burden countries.

Objective: To assess the determinants of Pulmonary TB among patients attending at public health facilities of Omonada District.

Methods: Institution based matched case-control study was conducted among 116 cases who were on TB care and matched for age 232 controls at health facilities in Omonada District from March 1-20, 2019. A simple random sampling method was used and for each case, two age matched controls were recruited. Determinants of PTB were identified using logistic regression method and odds ratio were calculated with 95% confidence intervals to assess the strength of association.

Results: In the multivariate analysis of determinant factors of TB, patients who were from rural area were 2.33 times more likely to develop active PTB than with those who were from urban areas (AOR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.26 - 4.3), patients who had history of close contact with TB patient were 3.6 times more likely to develop active PTB than those who had no history (AOR: 3.6; 95% CI: 2.3 - 10.5), patients who lived in the house without ceiling were 2.66 times more likely to develop Pulmonary TB than those who lived in the house with ceiling (AOR: 2.66; 95% CI: 1.3 - 5.5), and Patients who lived in the house with mud type of floor were 1.5 times more likely to develop Pulmonary TB than those who lived in the house with cement floor type (AOR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.04 - 2.3).

Conclusion: In this study, the place of residence, history of severe acute malnutrition, history of close contact with TB patient, absence of separated kitchen from the living house, being live in the house without ceiling and being live in the house with mud floor were the major determinants of Pulmonary TB. Therefore, measures taken to reduce the burden of active PTB should consider these contributing factors.

Keywords: Tuberculosis; Determinant Factors; Matched Case Control Study; Southwest Ethiopia

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