1Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital - Bitola, St. Clement of Ohrid University, Bitola, North Macedonia
2Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Clinical Hospital - Bitola, North Macedonia
3Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Hospital - Bitola, North Macedonia
4Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Hospital - Bitola, North Macedonia
5Medico - Legal Department, MedAssess, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
6Department of Chirurgie, Clinical Hospital - Bitola, North Macedonia
7Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Clinical Hospital - Bitola, Bitola, North Macedonia
8Department of Vascular Surgery, PHI University Clinic for Surgical Diseases “St. Naum Ohridski - Skopje”, Skopje, North Macedonia
Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) often coexist, sharing risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms such as systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Their overlap may worsen disease progression and complicate management.
Objective: To evaluate the clinical, laboratory, and functional characteristics of patients with coexisting COPD and mild CKD, and to assess correlations between renal and pulmonary function.
Methods: A cross-sectional study included 79 patients with mildly impaired renal function (eGFR 78.7 ± 10.3 mL/min/1.73m2) and respiratory symptoms. Demographics, laboratory data (urea, creatinine, hemoglobin, erythrocytes), and spirometric parameters-FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, ELA, FEV25-75, FET, FIVC, FEV1/VC-were analyzed. Pearson correlation evaluated associations between renal and pulmonary function.
Results: Patients had a mean age of 43.2 ± 15.6 year. Laboratory results confirmed mild renal impairment (urea 6.74 ± 1.93 mmol/L, creatinine 95.2 ± 13.8 μmol/L, hemoglobin 98.1 ± 13.2 g/L, erythrocytes 4.51 ± 0.46 ×1012/L). Pulmonary function was reduced (FVC 1.49 ± 0.13 L, FEV1 1.21 ± 0.09 L, PEF 2.42 ± 0.31 L/s, FEV25-75 1.16 ± 0.19 L/s). Significant positive correlations were observed between eGFR and FVC (r = 0.271, p = 0.015), FEV1 (r = 0.299, p = 0.007), PEF (r = 0.227, p = 0.044), FIVC (r = 0.241, p = 0.032), FEV25-75 (r = 0.332, p = 0.003), and ELA (r = 0.286, p = 0.011).
Conclusion: Mild CKD in patients with COPD is associated with measurable declines in pulmonary function. These findings highlight the clinical interplay between kidney and lung health, supporting early recognition and integrated multidisciplinary management to optimize outcomes.
Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Spirometry; Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, Pulmonary Age
Petar Avramovski., et al. “Clinical Interplay Between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 79 Patients”. EC Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine 15.1 (2026): 01-06.
© 2026 Petar Avramovski., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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