EC Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine

Bronchiectasis is an inflammatory process that alters the airways, specifically the diameters of the bronchi, in an irreversible manner. The diagnosis can be suspected clinically and confirmation relies on imaging. It can be responsible for significant morbidity. The etiologies are multiple, but the association of HIV-2 and bronchiectasis in an adolescent is a very rare form. We present a case of bronchiectasis and HIV-2 discovered incidentally in an adolescent. It is important for clinicians to know the diagnostic elements, its severity, and to conduct an etiological investigation as part of proper management. The management must be multidisciplinary.

 Keywords: Bronchiectasis; Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); Adolescent; Burkina Faso

1. Laennec R and Forbes JS. “A treatise on the diseases of the chest, and on mediate auscultation”. The Medico-Chirurgical Review20 (1829): 420-422.
2. Barker AF and Bardana EJ. “Bronchiectasis: Update of an orphan disease”. American Review of Respiratory Disease 4 (1988): 969-978.
3. Chassagnon G., et al. “Imagerie des dilatations des bronches”. Revue de Pneumologie Clinique5 (2018): 299-314.
4. Munro KA., et al. “Do New Zealand children with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis show disease progression?” Pediatric Pulmonology 2 (2011): 131-138.
5. Zouiter S., et al. “La dilatation des bronches chez l’enfant: expérience sur une période de dix ans”. Revue Marocaine des Maladies de I’Enfant 51 (2022): 16-21.
6. Chang AB., et al. “Emerging drugs for bronchiectasis: an update”. Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs 2 (2015): 277-297.
7. Cole PJ. “Inflammation: a two-edged sword--the model of bronchiectasis”. European Journal of Respiratory Diseases. Supplement 147 (1986): 6-15.
8. Goyal V., et al. “Paediatric chronic suppurative lung disease: clinical characteristics and outcomes”. European Journal of Pediatrics8 (2016): 1077-1084.
9. Gaillard EA., et al. “Reversible bronchial dilatation in children: comparison of serial high-resolution computer tomography scans of the lungs”. European Journal of Radiology 3 (2003): 215-220.
10. Crowley S and Matthews I. “Resolution of extensive severe bronchiectasis in an infant”. Pediatric Pulmonology 7 (2010): 717-720.
11. Brinchault G., et al. “Dilatations des bronches. Bronchiectasis”. EMC Médecine2 (2004): 131-140.
12. Holmes Ah., et al. “Bronchiectasis in HIV Disease”. Quarterly Journal of Medicine, New Series2-3 (1992): 875-882.
13. Boncoungou K., et al. “Dilatation des bronches et infection à VIH: à propos de 2 cas”. Journal of Functional Ventilation and Pulmonology 7 (2016): 51-55.
14. Steven FJC., et al. “Pulmonary cystic disease in HIV positive individuals in the Democratic Republic of Congo: three case reports”. Journal of Medical Case Reports 1 (2007): 101.
15. Milliron B., et al. “Bronchiectasis: mechanisms and imaging clues of associated common and uncommon diseases”. Radiographics 4 (2015): 1011-1030.
16. Wall LA., et al. “Bronchiectasis in primary antibody deficiencies: A multidisciplinary approach publisher”. Frontiers in Immunology 11 (2020): 522.
17. Eun Lee and Soo-Jong Hong. “Pharmacotherapeutic strategies for treating bronchiectasis in pediatric patients”. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy8 (2019): 1025-1036.
18. Altenburg J., et al. “Non cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment, illustrated by data from a Dutch Teaching Hospital”. Netherlands Journal of Medicine 4 (2015): 147-154.