EC Psychology And Psychiatry

Background: Psychiatry aims to address mental health concerns through diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, yet global disparities persist. Despite the presence of modern healthcare facilities, limited access results in 75 - 80% of the rural population relying on traditional practitioners. Bangladesh's healthcare landscape reflects an integration of both traditional and modern systems, embodying a culturally sensitive approach. The coexistence of these approaches contributes to a holistic perspective that considers various aspects of individuals' well-being within a dynamic equilibrium framework.

Aim of the Study: This research aims to offer insights into the prevalence of traditional healing modalities as the primary intervention for individuals with psychiatric conditions.

Methods: A three-year cross-sectional study at Gazi Medical College and Hospital in Khulna, Bangladesh, examined 320 psychiatric patients from January 2021 to December 2023. A semi-structured questionnaire gathered socio-demographic information, with diagnoses based on DSM-5 criteria. Inclusion criteria involved individuals experiencing psychiatric conditions for at least six months, while pregnant women were excluded. The questionnaire explored primary treatment providers and methods, including Traditional Healers. Statistical analysis focused on six-month follow-up data, presented in tables and graphs, utilizing SPSS for analysis. Continuous parameters were expressed as Mean ± SD and categorical parameters as frequency and percentage.

Result: The study examines 320 patients aged 11 - 30, mostly from urban areas (53.55%) and middle socio-economic backgrounds (47.81%). It outlines psychological issues prevalent among patients, including anger outbursts (66.25%) and suicidal attempts (47.19%). Somatic symptoms like sleep disturbance (90.63%) and headaches (57.81%) are also highlighted. Conversion disorder is the most common diagnosis (81.88%), followed by schizophrenia (52.5%) and bipolar mood disorder (22.19%). Traditional healing methods are widely used, particularly enchantment (92.50%). Dietary advice is given to 25.94% of patients, while massage and herbal interventions are less common. Traditional healing lasts, on average, 2.65 years, with considerable variability.

Conclusion: This study in Bangladesh uncovers a notable scenario where psychiatric patients, mainly young individuals with limited education and access to modern healthcare, seek initial care from Traditional Healers due to deep-rooted socio-cultural beliefs. The high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and interpersonal issues highlights a significant mental health burden.

 Keywords: Prevalence; Psychiatric Patients; Initial Cara; Traditional Healers (TH); Tertiary Care Hospital

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