EC Paediatrics

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood. Early diagnosis and accurate assessment of tumor extension are essential for treatment planning and prognosis. We report the case of a two-year-old child presenting with leukocoria. Orbital MRI demonstrated a well-defined intraocular mass arising from the posterior retina, with low signal intensity on T2- weighted images, predominantly peripheral diffusion restriction, and heterogeneous enhancement after gadolinium administration. An associated retinal detachment appeared as a T2-hyperintense subretinal fluid collection without enhancement. No MRI evidence of optic nerve invasion, scleral breach, or extraocular extension was identified, and no pineal or suprasellar mass was seen. The imaging findings were highly suggestive of unilateral retinoblastoma. This case highlights the value of MRI for evaluating local tumor extent, particularly the optic nerve and extraocular structures, and for screening the intracranial midline structures.

Keywords: Retinoblastoma; Leukocoria; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Retinal Detachment; Pediatric Intraocular Tumor