EC Paediatrics

Review Article Volume 14 Issue 5 - 2025

Overview of Sprengel Deformity in Children

Nguyen Ngoc Hung*

Surgical Department, Vietnam National Hospital for Pediatric, Ha Noi Medical University, Vietnam

*Corresponding Author: Nguyen Ngoc Hung, Surgical Department, Vietnam National Hospital for Pediatric, Ha Noi Medical University, Vietnam.
Received: April 21, 2025; Published: May 12, 2025




Sprengel deformity is a congenital condition characterized by abnormal development and elevation of the scapula (shoulder blade). The severity can vary considerably from being nearly invisible when covered by clothing, to being raised more than 5 cm, with webbing of the neck. Signs and symptoms may include a lump behind the base of the neck and limited movement of the shoulder or arm. The condition may also be associated with other skeletal (bone or cartilage) or muscular abnormalities. Sprengel deformity usually occurs sporadically for no apparent reason but autosomal dominant inheritance has been reported. The condition is caused by a disruption in the normal development and movement of the scapula during early fetal development (probably between the 9th and 12th weeks of gestation). Classification may be according to the Cavendish clinical classification or the Rigault classification on radiographs. Treatment usually involves physical therapy, but severe cases may require surgery. The ideal time for surgery is between 3 and 8 years of age. Various surgical treatments are described in the literature to improve the cosmetic appearance and function of the scapula; these include: Woodward, Putti, Putti, Delchef, Schrock, McFarland, Green, Allan, Woodward. Schrock, Green, Mears and Woodwards have described various modifications to lower the scapula. Following surgery, the patient’s shoulder is immobilized to promote healing and reduce any pain that may occur. Reduction of deformity and allowing normal shoulder motion are the goals of physical therapy.

 Keywords: Sprengel’s Deformity; Woodward Procedure; Abduction of the Shoulder; Omovertebrae; Klippel-Feil Syndrome

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Nguyen Ngoc Hung. "Overview of Sprengel Deformity in Children". EC Paediatrics 14.6 (2025): 01-21.

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