EC Paediatrics

Neuroblastoma is a pediatric malignancy of sympathetic origin that presents significant clinical challenges due to its heterogeneous nature. Recent advancements in immunotherapy, such as GD2-targeting specific antibodies and CAR T-cell therapies, offer promising approaches to improve outcomes in high-risk cases. Moreover, molecular-targeted therapies, including ALK inhibitors, are being refined to overcome resistance and enhance treatment efficacy. Liquid biopsy and precision diagnostics play a key role in early detection and personalized treatment. However, the field faces ongoing challenges, including tumor resistance and the need for more reliable biomarkers, underscoring the importance of continued research to optimize therapeutic strategies and improve survival rates. This review aims to integrate recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of this complex malignancy.

 Keywords: Neuroblastoma; Biomarkers; Immunotherapy; Molecular Targeted Therapy

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