EC Orthopaedics

In previous publications, we have carried out a detailed revision of the current paradigm of the driving forces of running and jumping [1,2]. In these articles, we pointed out the aberrations of the muscular-contractile understanding of the mechanics of jumping and running and concluded that the contractile work of actomyosin, based on central nervous impulses and the biochemical energy of creatine phosphate, is not able to give the body the necessary impulse for a vertical take-off speed of 5 m/s. Our analytics led us to the conclusion that the energy generator for the vertical takeoff of the jumper is the tendon strain energy.

At the same time, one of the key points in this analytics was our mention of the action of centrifugal forces, which exceeds 350 kg. Of course, with such an additional load on the athlete's musculoskeletal system, not only is it impossible for an athlete to take off with a vertical speed of more than 5 m/s, but even a simple extensor action of the push leg is a big question. It should be noted that the recorded record value of the vertical take-off speed of an athlete during a high jump is 5.217 m/s; the ex-record holder in the high jump 2m, 39 cm Ju Jianhua (China) - 1984.

However, it is difficult for practitioners who have “grown up” in their skills on explosive muscle contraction to abandon the muscle-contractile paradigm. Therefore, they probably have a suspicion about the objectivity of information. In this regard, there is a need in more detail, as they say with a pencil in hand, in manual mode, to calculate the action of centrifugal forces, which will convincingly testify to the impossibility of using the muscular-contractile paradigm for the athlete to acquire a high vertical take-off speed (more than 5 m/s). The fact that there is such a large external additional load (more than 350 kg) will “cross out” the muscular-contractile paradigm in their minds. But on the other hand, the “presentation” of this force from the standpoint of a deforming factor will put everything in its place and open up new ways for the progress of athletes.

In this regard, we conducted a study of the magnitudes of the action of centrifugal forces, the tasks of which were:

1. Determine the magnitude of the centrifugal forces that arise when running along the takeoff arc;
2. Determine the magnitude of the action of centrifugal forces when performing swing movements with the legs and arms;
3. Calculate the total value of the additional encumbrance of the action by centrifugal forces in the high jump using the Fosbury flop method.

Keywords: Arcuate Trajectory Running; Leg and Arm Swing; Centrifugal Forces; Deformation Forces

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