EC Orthopaedics

The knee undergoes known physiological angular changes during development. At birth, a varus is present, which resolves by 18 to 24 months of age. Thereafter, the varus develops, reaching its maximum extent by 3 to 4 years of age. By age 7, children are expected to have a final alignment, with a near neutral mechanical axis. Variations in shape can occur in different populations. Persistent or more severe deformities can lead to biomechanical changes, affecting gait and aesthetics, and causing pain, functional limitations, and instability. In the long term, especially in bow legs, this deformity is associated with early osteoarthritis. Growth correction is an effective treatment for angular knee deformities; it can be temporary, using a plate or screw, or permanent, without implants. This method has a lower learning curve, less scarring, and fewer complications than other treatments.

Diagnosis of knee deformities requires caution and must combine clinical, imaging, and endocrine genetic testing. In treatment, based on the diagnosis, determining the cause of knee deformities will give good results.

 Keywords: Genu Varum; Genu Valgum; Knee Deformities; Guided Growth; Lower Limb Deformities

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