EC Neurology

The intracranial dermoid cyst is a rare congenital benign tumor resulting from ectodermal inclusion during embryonic development. Comprising less than 1% of all intracranial tumors, they most commonly occur along midline structures such as the posterior fossa, suprasellar region, and frontonasal junction. Histologically, they contain dermal elements including hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and keratinized epithelium, leading to the accumulation of fatty and proteinaceous debris. They are often asymptomatic, but can cause neurological symptoms.

Radiologically, dermoid cysts exhibit characteristic fat-density signals on CT and hyperintensity on T1-weighted MRI sequences, often with heterogeneous contents.

Early identification and intervention are essential to prevent complications, especially in cases of rupture. This review highlights the clinical, radiological, and surgical aspects of intracranial dermoid cysts, emphasizing the importance of differential diagnosis from other fat-containing intracranial lesions.

 Keywords: Dermoid Cysts; Intracranial; CT; Neuroimaging

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