EC Neurology

Background: Cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum (CLOCCs) are rare but increasingly recognized radiological entities, often secondary to various infectious, metabolic, or drug-related etiologies. They primarily involve the splenium of the corpus callosum and are characterized by cytotoxic edema visible on MRI.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 9-year-old child admitted with persistent febrile rash and altered consciousness. Initial investigations, including CT and lumbar puncture, were inconclusive. Brain MRI revealed a well-defined lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum, showing restricted diffusion without enhancement, consistent with a cytotoxic lesion of the corpus callosum (CLOCC).

Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering CLOCCs in the differential diagnosis of pediatric febrile encephalopathy. MRI remains the key diagnostic modality, allowing early identification and guiding appropriate management of the underlying cause.

 Keywords: Corpus Callosum; Splenium; Cytotoxic Edema; MRI

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