EC Microbiology

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2M) is one of the multifactorial disorders leading causes of death across the world. Numerous pathophysi- ological studies proposed several risk factors of T2D, caused by genetic, epigenetic, environmental and lifestyle-related factors resulting in development of diabetic complications such as β-cell dysfunction, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, adiposity, dyslipidaemia, meta- bolic endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, intestinal permeability, defective incretin secretion, ectopic fat storage and oxidative stress [1]. From T2D, it is also an established major independent risk factor for several chronic diseases such as ischemic heart disease and stroke [2]. Both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions can reduce the levels of glucose [3-5]. Previous studies have also found that dietary constituents and supplements such as green tea and garlic can improve glucose [6,7].

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4. Shidfar F., et al., “The effects of tomato consumption on serum glucose, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A-I, homocysteine and blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients”. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition3 (2011): 289-294.
5. Mikami N., et al. “Dietary combination of fish oil and taurine decreases fat accumulation and ameliorates blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic/obese KK-A(y) mice”. Journal of Food Science6 (2012): H114-H120.
6. Jain RC and Vyas CR. “Garlic in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits”. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition7 (1975): 684-685.
7. Toolsee NA., et al. “Effectiveness of green tea in a randomized human cohort: relevance to diabetes and its complications”. BioMed Research International (2013): 412379.
8. Scott KP., et al. “Manipulating the gut microbiota to maintain health and treat disease”. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 26 (2015): 25877.
9. Al-Salami H., et al. “Probiotic treatment reduces blood glucose levels and increases systemic absorption of gliclazide in diabetic rats”. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics2 (2008): 101-106.
10. Mazloom Z., et al. “Effect of probiotics on lipid profile, glycemic control, insulin action, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes: a clinical trial”. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences1 (2013): 38-43.
11. Ejtahed HS., et al. “Probiotic yogurt improves antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic patients”. Nutrition5 (2012): 539-543.
12. Wells JM and Mercenier A. “Mucosal delivery of therapeutic and prophylactic molecules using lactic acid bacteria”. Nature Reviews Microbiology5 (2008): 349-362.