EC Microbiology

Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common clinical problem that affects millions of people worldwide (GERD). Patients can be identified by both conventional and unusual symptoms. In addition to increasing the risk of esophagitis, esophageal strictures, Barrett esophagus, and esophageal cancer, GERD can affect a patient's quality of life. GERD risk factors include genetic predisposition, tobacco use, and obesity. The typical symptoms of GERD are frequent enough to make the diagnosis, but less typical symptoms and indications, like dysphagia and a persistent cough, can also manifest. A proton pump inhibitor can be used as an experimental treatment for patients with typical GERD symptoms (PPI). Endoscopy, esophageal pH monitoring, and esophageal manometry are advised for individuals who do not react to such treatment or if the diagnosis is not evident. Endoscopy should be performed on patients who have GERD symptoms together with other primary risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinomas, such as older age, male sex, and obesity. These symptoms could include dysphagia, weight loss, bleeding, or older age. The three primary types of treatment for GERD are lifestyle modifications, medications, and surgery. Quitting smoking and losing weight can both be beneficial. The most frequent form of treatment is a medication with a PPI, and after initial full-dosage therapy-typically omeprazole 20 mg once daily-the goal is to utilize the lowest effective dose.

Aim of the Study: The aim of the present review is to understand the various etiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Methodology: The review is a comprehensive research of PUBMED from 1988 to 2022.

Conclusion: GERD is linked to severe morbidity and a potential reduction in quality of life. The prevention of GERD consequences depends on the early diagnosis of symptoms. Changes in behavior and technological advancements in acid suppression are still crucial to its therapy. The therapeutic treatment of GERD affects the lives of many individuals and greatly depletes societal and healthcare resources. Lifestyle changes, PPI medication, and surgical fundoplication are all forms of treatment. Endoscopic surgery is developing new, less intrusive techniques. Although proton pump inhibitors use is still the most popular treatment, long-term therapy necessitates monitoring and reevaluation for potential side effects.

Keywords: GERD; Lifestyle Modifications; Management; PPI

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