EC Microbiology

Patterns of diet have long been suspected to impact on health promotion and the protective role of adherence to this dietary pattern on cancer incidence. However, its association with breast cancer risk remains unclear. Therefore, we aim to systematically review the previously published studies that assessed the correlation between the quality of diet and breast cancer in post-meno- pausal women. A systematic electronic database search was conducted for relevant studies published till 21st July 2020 in seven databases. Finally, 19 studies were included in the current systematic review after all of the screening stages. The overall risk of bias of the included studies was acceptable with less than 25% of the studies showing serious/critical risks. Four cohort studies found a statistically significant association between adherence to a Mediterranean Diet pattern and the reduced risk of breast cancer with the latter three studies that reported statistical significance only with estrogen negative (ER-) breast cancers. Moreover, two case-control studies showed a negative correlation between adherence to a Mediterranean Diet pattern and the occurrence of breast cancer. In terms of the healthy eating index (HEI), a statistically significant association between high HEI scores and reduced incidence of ER- breast cancer although it was not associated with other ER- tumors. In the same context, there were contradicting results regarding the association of the dietary inflammatory index and low-carbohydrate diet scores and the risk of breast cancer. In conclusion, the results are contradicting with no conclusive evidence of the association which requires more studies for the synthesis of high-quality evidence.

 Keywords: Diet; Breast Cancer; Menopause

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