EC Microbiology

Review Article Volume 21 Issue 6 - 2025

Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism: Are they Related to the Gut Microbiome and its Metabolites?

Álvaro Zamudio Tiburcio1*, Héctor Bermúdez Ruiz2, Silverio Alonso López3 and Pedro Antonio Reyes López4

1Department of Gastroenterology, Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation, Medical Specialties, Naples Unit, Mexico

2Endoscopy Service, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, XXI Century, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, Mexico

3Department of Urologist, Chairman Medical Specialties Naples in Mexico City, Mexico

4Immunologist, Rheumatologist, National Institute of Cardiology “I. Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico

*Corresponding Author: Álvaro Zamudio Tiburcio, Department of Gastroenterology, Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation, Medical Specialties, Naples Unit, Mexico.
Received: May 06, 2025; Published: June 03, 2025




Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are common, more frequent in women than in men, and thyroid disease ranges from inflammatory to neoplastic lesions. Iodine deficiency is the main cause of thyroid dysfunction. Approximately 30% of the world's population suffers from iodine deficiency. Autoimmune thyroid disorders affect between 2% and 5% of the population, while thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. The gut microbiota regulates the immune system, contributing to thyroid hormone metabolism and can generate or catabolize carcinogens, all of which are relevant to autoimmune diseases and thyroid cancer. Evidence supports a relationship between gut dysbiosis and thyroid cancer. The gut microbiome of people with thyroid disease is different from that of people without thyroid disorders. It is noted that the microbiome impacts the proper functioning of the thyroid gland, and the thyroid-gut axis exists in thyroid disease and intestinal dysbiosis. All of the above is explored in depth in this review, and there is no doubt that the relationship between thyroid disease and the gut microbiome is inextricably linked.

 Keywords: Gut Microbiome (GM); Gut Dysbiosis (GD); Intestinal Microbiota (IM); Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA)

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Álvaro Zamudio Tiburcio., et al. “Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism: Are they Related to the Gut Microbiome and its Metabolites?”. EC Microbiology  21.6 (2025): 01-08.

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