EC Microbiology

Recent years have revealed the emergence and re-emergence of several viral zoonoses, such as Ebola haemorrahagic fever, COVID-19, avian influenza, COVID-19, Crimean-Cong haemorrhagic fever, Monkeypox, Nipah virus disease, Rift Valley fever, Marburg virus disease, Lassa fever, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), Zika virus disease, Hanta virus disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Hendra virus disease, West Nile fever, and swine flu [1-14]. These diseases are significant from public health and economic point of view, and occur in sporadic and epidemic form resulting into high morbidity and mortality in both sexes and all age groups throughout the world. Transmission occurs through various routes like inhalation, ingestion, direct contact, animal bite, blood transfusion, skin injury, and vector bite [1,2]. The clinical symptoms are varied, and hence, the help of the laboratory techniques including virus isolation, immunological and molecular, is needed to make an unequivocal diagnosis of zoonotic diseases [1,2,14]. The early and accurate diagnosis and proper health care are imperative to mitigate the suffering of the affected persons [1,2,14].

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