EC Microbiology

Editorial Volume 18 Issue 12 - 2022

Asthma: An Overview of Diagnosis and Management

Nadira A Al-Baghl1*, Noor Mohammed Fayoumi2, Esraa Seraj Aljahdali3, Rahmah Mohammed Alhassany4, Gelan Talal Alyami5, Abdulaziz Saud Alghamdi6, Jamil Hassan Subahi7, Man Khalid Alraddadi6, Mohammed Abdulrahman A Alotaibi8, Hisham Mohamed Darraj9, Talal Mansour Alossaimi10, Abdulrahman Mohammed Albalawi11, Zainab Mahmoud Albusaysi4, Lamees Yahya Saeed12 and Ammar Yaser Bukhamseen13

1Director of Public Health Network, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

2King Abdulaziz Specilaist Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia

3King Abdulaziz Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

4Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

5King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Madinah, Saudi Arabia

6King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia

7Khulais General Hospital, Khulais, Saudi Arabia

8Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

9King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

10Lublin Medical University, Poland

11Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

12King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

13Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

*Corresponding Author: Nadira A Al-Baghl, Fellowship Family and Community Medicine, Master Professions Medical Education - Public Health, Director of Public Health Network, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Received: December 21, 2022; Published: December 26, 2022



Introduction: Asthma is a diverse chronic clinical illness that causes inflammation and airway constriction and primarily affects the lower respiratory tract and is characterized by wheezing, dyspnea, and coughing that may be episodic or ongoing. It frequently manifests in childhood and is frequently accompanied by ailments like eczema and hay fever. This activity describes the diagnosis, management, and involvement of the interprofessional team in the care of patients with asthma. These signs and the spirometry-based proof of reversible airway blockage are necessary for the diagnosis of asthma. It is helpful to identify allergy sensitivities that are clinically significant. While daily inhaled corticosteroids are the gold standard of therapy for persistent asthma, inhaled short-acting 2-agonists can quickly relieve acute symptoms. For patients for whom inhaled corticosteroids alone are not sufficient, combination therapy with long-acting 2-agonists is useful. Inhaled long-acting 2-agonists should not be used exclusively. Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (such as tiotropium) and biological medicines that target proteins involved in the etiology of asthma are further controller strategies (e.g. omalizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab).

Aim of the Study: The purpose of the literature review is to understand various investigations, differential diagnoses, and treatments of asthma.

Methodology: The present study is a comprehensive research of PUBMED since the year 2011 to 2022.

Conclusion: Variable airway obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation are hallmarks of asthma. Avoiding aggravating environmental factors, having access to short-acting 2-agonists for quick symptom relief, and using inhaled corticosteroids on a daily basis are all necessary for the management of chronic asthma. In cases of moderate and severe asthma, additional controller drugs, such as long-acting bronchodilators and biologics, can be needed. In general, patients with severe asthma benefit from speaking with an asthma expert to discuss possible additional treatments, such as injectable biologics.

 

Keywords: Asthma; Airway Obstruction; Wheezing; Bronchodilators; Chest X-Ray

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Nadira A Al-Baghl., et al. “Asthma: An Overview of Diagnosis and Management”. EC Microbiology  18.12 (2022): 69-76.