EC Clinical and Medical Case Reports

Research Article Volume 8 Issue 4 - 2025

Ab Initio Whole Cell Kinetic Model of Limosilactobacillus fermentum EFEL6800 (lfeTS24)

Tanisha Saisudhanbabu1,2, Keng Yao Yeo1,2, Madhunisha Arivazhagan1,2, Ashmitha Senthilkumar1,2, Minh Anh Le1,2, Travina BS Wong1,2, Victor R Lukianto1,2 and Maurice HT Ling1,2,3*

1School of Life Sciences, Management Development Institute of Singapore, Singapore
2Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, United Kingdom
3HOHY Private Limited, Singapore

*Corresponding Author: Maurice HT Ling, HOHY Private Limited, Singapore.
Received: February 21, 2025 Published: March 20, 2025



Limosilactobacillus fermentum is found in the gastrointestinal tract of various animals, including human, with potential probiotic properties. A recent study shows that kale juice fermented with L. fermentum EFEL6800 has high kaempferol and quercetin levels, suggesting it a potential candidate for further metabolic engineering for probiotic applications. Kinetic model (KM) is an important tool to guide metabolic engineering but there is no KM of L. fermentum to-date. In this study, we present a whole cell simulatable KM for L. fermentum EFEL6800, IfeTS24, constructed using ab initio approach by identifying enzymes from its genome. The resulting model consists of 931 metabolites, 302 enzymes with corresponding transcriptions and translations, and 853 enzymatic reactions. This can be a baseline model for incorporating other cellular and growth processes, or as a system to examine cellular resource allocations necessary for engineering

 Keywords: Limosilactobacillus fermentum EFEL6800 (lfeTS24); Kinetic Model (KM); Ab Initio

  1. Lacerda DC., et al. “Potential role of Limosilactobacillus fermentum as a probiotic with anti-diabetic properties: a review”. World Journal of Diabetes 13.9 (2022): 717-728.
  2. Racines MP., et al. “An overview of the use and applications of Limosilactobacillus fermentum in broiler chickens”. Microorganisms 11.8 (2023): 1944.
  3. Rodríguez-Sojo MJ., et al. “Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716: Mechanisms and therapeutic insights”. Nutrients 13.3 (2021): 1016.
  4. Zhou T., et al. “A probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum GR-3 mitigates colitis-associated tumorigenesis in mice via modulating gut microbiome”. npj Science of Food 8.1 (2024): 61.
  5. Murtaza N., et al. “Impact of Limosilactobacillus fermentum probiotic treatment on gut microbiota composition in Sahiwal calves with rotavirus diarrhea: A 16S metagenomic analysis study”. BMC Microbiology 24.1 (2024): 114.
  6. D’ambrosio S., et al. “Limosilactobacillus fermentum from buffalo milk is suitable for potential biotechnological process development and inhibits Helicobacter pylori in a gastric epithelial cell model”. Biotechnology Reports 34 (2022): e00732.
  7. Mandal S and Mandal NC. “Formulation of food grade Limosilactobacillus fermentum for antifungal properties isolated from homemade curd”. Scientific Reports 13.1 (2023): 20371.
  8. Hao H., et al. “Probiotic characteristics and anti-inflammatory effects of Limosilactobacillus fermentum 664 isolated from Chinese fermented pickles”. Antioxidants 13.6 (2024): 703.
  9. Kim GY., et al. “Synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of kale juice fermented with Limosilactobacillus reuteri EFEL6901 or Limosilactobacillus fermentum EFEL6800”. Antioxidants. (Basel, Switzerland) 12.10 (2023): 1850.
  10. Chen J., et al. “A critical review of kaempferol in intestinal health and diseases”. Antioxidants 12.8 (2023): 1642.
  11. Aghababaei F and Hadidi M. “Recent advances in potential health benefits of quercetin”. Pharmaceuticals. (Basel, Switzerland) 16.7 (2023): 1020.
  12. Gudmundsson S and Nogales J. “Recent advances in model-assisted metabolic engineering”. Current Opinion in Systems Biology 28 (2021): 100392.
  13. Strutz J., et al. “Metabolic kinetic modeling provides insight into complex biological questions, but hurdles remain”. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 59 (2019): 24-30.
  14. Wang R-S. “Ordinary differential equation. (ODE), model”. Encyclopedia of Systems Biology, eds Dubitzky W, Wolkenhauer O, Cho K-H, Yokota H. (Springer New York, New York, NY) (2013): 1606-1608.
  15. Cho JL and Ling MH. “Adaptation of whole cell kinetic model template, UniKin1, to Escherichia coli whole cell kinetic model, ecoJC20”. EC Microbiology 17.2 (2021): 254-260.
  16. Choudhury S., et al. “Reconstructing kinetic models for dynamical studies of metabolism using generative adversarial networks”. Nature Machine Intelligence 4.8 (2022): 710-719.
  17. Foster CJ., et al. “Building kinetic models for metabolic engineering”. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 67 (2021): 35-41.
  18. Okuda S., et al. “KEGG Atlas mapping for global analysis of metabolic pathways”. Nucleic Acids Research 36(Web Server issue) (2008): W423-W426.
  19. Kwan ZJ., et al. “Ab initio whole cell kinetic model of Stutzerimonas balearica DSM 6083. (pbmKZJ23)”. Acta Scientific Microbiology 7.2 (2024): 28-31.
  20. Arivazhagan M., et al. “Ab initio whole cell kinetic model of Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4. (bbfMA24)”. Acta Scientific Nutritional Health 9.1 (2025): 42-45.
  21. Ling MH. “AdvanceSyn Toolkit: An open source suite for model development and analysis in biological engineering”. MOJ Proteomics and Bioinformatics 9.4 (2020): 83-86.
  22. Yong B. “The comparison of fourth order Runge-Kutta and homotopy analysis method for solving three basic epidemic models”. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1317 (2019): 012020.
  23. Ling MH. “COPADS IV: Fixed time-step ODE solvers for a system of equations implemented as a set of python functions”. Advances in Computer Science: An International Journal 5.3 (2016): 5-11.
  24. Ahn-Horst TA., et al. “An expanded whole-cell model of E. coli links cellular physiology with mechanisms of growth rate control”. npj Systems Biology and Applications 8.1 (2022): 30.
  25. Chagas M da S., et al. “Boolean model of the gene regulatory network of Pseudomonas aeruginosa CCBH4851”. Frontiers in Microbiology 14 (2023): 1274740.
  26. Hao T., et al. “Reconstruction of metabolic-protein interaction integrated network of Eriocheir sinensis and analysis of ecdysone synthesis”. Genes 15.4 (2024): 410.
  27. Thornburg ZR., et al. “Fundamental behaviors emerge from simulations of a living minimal cell”. Cell 185.2 (2022): 345-360.e28.
  28. Bianchi DM., et al. “Toward the complete functional characterization of a minimal bacterial proteome”. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 126.36 (2022): 6820-6834.
  29. Sun G., et al. “Cross-evaluation of E. coli’s operon structures via a whole-cell model suggests alternative cellular benefits for lowversus high-expressing operons”. Cell Systems 15.3 (2024): 227-245.e7.
  30. Choi H and Covert MW. “Whole-cell modeling of E. coli confirms that in vitro tRNA aminoacylation measurements are insufficient to support cell growth and predicts a positive feedback mechanism regulating arginine biosynthesis”. Nucleic Acids Research 51.12 (2023): 5911-5930.

Maurice HT Ling., et al. “Ab Initio Whole Cell Kinetic Model of Limosilactobacillus fermentum EFEL6800 (lfeTS24)”. EC Clinical and Medical Case Reports 8.4 (2025): 01-04.