EC Cancer

Mini Review Volume 2 Issue 6 - 2023

Chronic Inflammation Masquerading as Cancer

Shrihari TG*

Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology, Krishna Devaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

*Corresponding Author: Shrihari TG, Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology, Krishna Devaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Received: March 19, 2024; Published: May 15, 2024



Inflammation is a body response to noxious stimuli. Cancer is a wound which do not heal. I the inflammation is progressive, persistent, chronic inflammation mediated release of chronic inflammatory mediators induced cellular and vascular changes such as cell proliferation, cell survival, angiogenesis, genomic instability, Immune modulation, invasion and metastasis leading to tumor initiation, tumor promotion, and tumor progression. That is why chronic inflammation is considered as a seventh hall mark of cancer. Where most of all cancers are preceded by chronic inflammation or infection due to external environmental factors. This article highlights about chronic inflammation and their mediators induced cellular and vascular changes leading to cancer, where chronic inflammation is mimics as cancer. In future it can be used as early cancer biomarkers, therapeutic target and agent and prognostic markers for better management of cancer.

 Keywords: NF-KB; STAT-3; Tumor Initiation; Tumor Promotion; Tumor Progression; HIF-1α

  1. Freddie B., et al. “Global cancer statistics 2018: Globocon estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries”. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 6 (2018): 394-424.
  2. Shrihari TG. “Dual role of inflammatory mediators in cancer”. Ecancermedicalscience 11 (2017): 721.
  3. Coussens LM and Werb Z. “Inflammation and cancer”. Nature6917 (2002): 860-867.
  4. Grivennikov S I., et al. “Immunity, inflammation and cancer”. Cell6 (2010): 883-1013.
  5. Glanben L., et al. “Chronic inflammation and cytokines in the tumor microenvironment”. Journal of Immunology Research (2014): 149185.
  6. Nathan C. “Points of control in inflammation”. Nature6917 (2002): 846-852.
  7. Fernandes JV., et al. “The role of the mediators of inflammation in cancer development”. Pathology and Oncology Research 3 (2015): 527-534.
  8. Philip M., et al. “Inflammation as a tumor promoter in cancer induction”. Seminars in Cancer Biology 6 (2004): 433-439.
  9. Blackwill F and Mantovani A. “Inflammation and cancer: Back to Virchow?” Lancet9255 (2001): 539-545.
  10. Candido J. “Cancer-related inflammation”. Journal of Clinical Immunology 1 (2013): 579-584.
  11. Ioannis LA., et al. “How do cytokines trigger genomic instability?” Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (2012): 536761.
  12. Brett B., et al. “Tumor induced perturbations of cytokines and immune cell networks”. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2 (2014): 182-201.
  13. Korniluk A., et al. “From inflammation to cancer”. Irish Journal of Medical Science 1 (2016): 57-62.
  14. Mantovani A and Sica A. “Macrophages, innate immunity and cancer: balance, tolerance and diversity”. Current Opinion in Immunology 2 (2010): 231-237.
  15. Shrihari TG. “Inflammation related cancer-Highlights”. Journal of Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis 7 (2016): 1-2.
  16. Lippitz BE. “Cytokine patterns in patients with cancer: A systematic review”. Lancet Oncology6 (2013): 218-228.
  17. Shrihari TG and Ramesh DNSV. “Chronic inflammation induced immunosuppression in Tumor microenvironment of oral cancer”. Global Journal of Medical Research 16 (2016): 1-8.
  18. Facciabene A. “Tumor hypoxia promotes tolerance and angiogenesis via CCL28 and Treg cells”. Nature 7355 (2011): 226-230.
  19. Masako N and Daniel WS. “Multifaceted roles of PGE2 in inflammation and cancer”. Seminars in Immunopathology 2 (2013): 123-137.
  20. Oian BZ and Pollard JW. “Macrophage diversity enhances tumor progression and metastasis”. Cell1 (2010): 39-51.

Shrihari TG. "Chronic Inflammation Masquerading as Cancer". EC Cancer 2.6 (2023): 01-03.