EC Pharmacology and Toxicology

Bioactive peptides have emerged as potent therapeutic molecules with applications spanning aging, cancer, and related chronic diseases. Derived from food, marine, and synthetic sources, these peptides demonstrate antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative effects, and they are increasingly being recognized for their potential in modulating hallmarks of aging and cancer progression. Recent research emphasizes their ability to target oxidative stress, genomic instability, cellular senescence, and immune evasion mechanisms. However, limitations such as poor bioavailability, stability, and production costs constrain their clinical translation. Advancements in nanotechnology and computational biology offer promising solutions, including peptide-functionalized nanoparticles and machine learning-driven peptide discovery. This review consolidates recent insights into the molecular mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and translational challenges of bioactive peptides, with a particular focus on their roles in aging regulation and cancer therapy. Recent advances in nanotechnology, computational biology, and peptide engineering have significantly enhanced their bioavailability and therapeutic potential. However, challenges remain in terms of clinical translation, stability, and cost-effective production. This review consolidates the mechanistic roles, therapeutic applications, and future perspectives of bioactive peptides in aging and cancer, with an emphasis on emerging research and opportunities in the world.

 Keywords: Bioactive Peptides; Aging; Cancer; Nanotechnology; Mitochondrial Dysfunction; Oxidative Stress; Peptide Therapeutics

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