EC Ophthalmology

Research Article Volume 16 Issue 4 - 2025

Exploring the Factors that Affect Myopia Development, and its Management

Arbaz1, Raj Kumar2*, Rajeev Trivedi3 and Harshita Pandey4

1M. Optom., Department of Optometry, School of Allied and Health Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, GB. Nagar, India 2Professor, Department of Optometry, School of Allied and Health Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, GB. Nagar, India 3Assistant Professor, Department of Optometry, School of Allied and Health Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, GB. Nagar, India 4Assistant Professor, Department of Optometry, School of Allied and Health Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, GB. Nagar, India

*Corresponding Author: Raj Kumar, Department of Optometry, School of Allied and Health Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, GB. Nagar, India.
Received: January 15, 2025; Published: November 11, 2025



To identify all the possible factor that cause myopia and find its impact on development of progression of myopia. This prospective study was carried out from January 2024 to December 2024 among general patient age between 18 to 30 at Curesee clinic (Dayanand Colony, Sector 6, Gurugram, Haryana 122001) Gurgaon. We enrolled 362 populations from different areas in Gurgaon. The self- structured questionnaire was included in this study to assess the knowledge, the factors that affect myopia development. All the population underwent a complete ophthalmic examination and best corrected visual acuity measurements were taken with or without glasses, weight is measured with the help of weight machine and height is measured with inch tape.

Out of 362 participants, 51.93% had no refractive error, 25.69% had mild myopia, 17.68% had moderate myopia, and 4.70% had high myopia. Gender did not significantly affect refractive error distribution (P = 0.102). Family history showed a significant association with myopia (P < 0.001), with higher occurrences in those with myopic parents. Diet and living area did not significantly influence refractive errors (P = 0.164 and P = 0.052, respectively). BMI was significantly associated with refractive errors (P < 0.001): normal BMI was linked to no refractive error, high BMI to mild/moderate myopia, and low BMI to moderate/high myopia. Outdoor activity (P = 0.000), indoor activity (P = 0.000), and screen time (P = 0.000) were significantly correlated with different levels of myopia.

This study emphasises the higher prevalence and public health importance of physiological myopia. It concludes that gender has no significant impact on the development of myopia, contradicting previous research. However, having myopic parents is still a strong predictor of the condition. The type of diet has no correlation with refractive errors, but BMI does: normal BMI is associated with no refractive error, high BMI with mild to moderate myopia, and low BMI with moderate to high myopia. Screen time and indoor activity are linked to increased myopia, whereas outdoor activity has a protective effect. The study emphasises the complexities of myopia development, specifically the roles of genetic predisposition, environmental exposure, lifestyle choices, and physical health. This comprehensive approach sheds light on targeted interventions and preventive measures to address the growing prevalence of myopia.

 Keywords: Exploring the Factors; Myopia Development; Myopia Management; Refractive Errors; Physiological Myopia; Congenital Myopia

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Raj Kumar., et al. “Exploring the Factors that Affect Myopia Development, and its Management”. EC Ophthalmology  16.4 (2025): 01-22.

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