EC Nursing and Healthcare

Short Communication Volume 5 Issue 4 - 2022

Basics of Diabetes (Diagnosis and Management)

Tamer Shalaby Boutrus*

Consultant Internal Medicine at The View Hospital, Al Qutaifiya, Doha, Qatar

*Corresponding Author: Tamer Shalaby Boutrus, Consultant Internal Medicine at The View Hospital, Al Qutaifiya, Doha, Qatar.
Received: March 04, 2023;Published: March 13, 2023



Quiz:

  1. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 5.7 mmol/L is considered prediabetes? T/F.
  2. Target HbA1C for T2D on insulin is below 7%? T/F.
  3. HbA1C is used to monitor diabetes in pregnancy? T/F.
  4. Correction factor is amount of insulin required to lower above target glucose. T/F.
  5. Weight loss can improve, but not treat diabetes. T/F.

Prediabetes:

  • HbA1C: 5.7% and 6.4% (39 - 46).
  • FPG: 5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L (101 - 125).

  1. National Diabetes Statistics Report (2019).
  2. Dieleman JL., et al. “US Spending on Personal Health Care and Public Health, 1996-2013”. The Journal of the American Medical Association 316 (2016): 2627.
  3. Kan C., et al. “A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between depression and insulin resistance”. Diabetes Care 36 (2013): 480.
  4. American Diabetes Association. “Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2017”. Diabetes Care 41 (2018): 917.
  5. Tunceli K., et al. “The impact of diabetes on employment and work productivity”. Diabetes Care 28 (2005): 2662.
  6. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. “4. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022”. Diabetes Care 45 (2022): S46.
  7. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. “12. Retinopathy, Neuropathy, and Foot Care: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022”. Diabetes Care 45 (2022): S185.
  8. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. “11. Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022”. Diabetes Care 45 (2022): S175.
  9. Harris MI., et al. “Onset of NIDDM occurs at least 4-7 yr before clinical diagnosis”. Diabetes Care 15 (1992): 815.
  10. Gregg EW., et al. “Changes in diabetes-related complications in the United States, 1990-2010”. The New England Journal of Medicine 370 (2014): 1514.
  11. Kennon B., et al. “Reduced incidence of lower-extremity amputations in people with diabetes in Scotland: a nationwide study”. Diabetes Care 35 (2012): 2588.
  12. Booth GL., et al. “Recent trends in cardiovascular complications among men and women with and without diabetes”. Diabetes Care 29 (2006): 32.
  13. Vamos EP., et al. “Changes in the incidence of lower extremity amputations in individuals with and without diabetes in England between 2004 and 2008”. Diabetes Care 33 (2010): 2592.
  14. Pasquale LR., et al. “Prospective study of type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of primary open-angle glaucoma in women”. Ophthalmology 113 (2006): 1081.
  15. Pillay J., et al. “Behavioral Programs for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis”. Annals of Internal Medicine 163 (2015): 836.

Tamer Shalaby Boutrus. “Basics of Diabetes (Diagnosis and Management)”. EC Nursing and Healthcare  5.4 (2023): 39-47.

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