EC Gynaecology

Research Article Volume 14 Issue 2 - 2025

Midwives’ Experiences of Perineal Support Techniques in Gävle - A Clinical Study

Tiina Pirhonen1*, Cathrine Björklund2, Laura Pirhonen Nørmark3 and Jouko Pirhonen1

1The Norwegian Continence and Pelvic Floor Center, University Hospital of North Norway, Norway

2Gävle Hospital, Gävle, Sweden

3University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

*Corresponding Author: Tiina Pirhonen, The Norwegian Continence and Pelvic Floor Center, University Hospital of North Norway, Norway.
Received: January 11, 2025; Published: January 28, 2025



In Scandinavia, collaboration between midwives and obstetricians in teaching hospitals has a long tradition. Midwives have always been a most important part of taking care of normal deliveries, but they even have an important role in instrumental deliveries. In this study, eighteen midwives from Gävle hospital were recruited, and they questionnaire for this study. They were asked to describe their experience in perineal support technique in different situations during delivery. The most used perineal support technique was either the Finnish grip or so-called C-grip but even Ritgen’s grip was still in use. The clinic in Gävle has a routine of having two midwives at the end of the second phase of delivery. Twelve midwives knew their personal statics of serious perineal tears whereas six did not. The most used position at the end of delivery was when mother lies on her side followed by half sitting position. When asked about the use of episiotomy, thirteen midwives reported that they used it and five did not. When the delivery ends with instrumental delivery, the doctor cuts the episiotomy in most cases, and the communication to the woman was given by doctor, but also midwife. Seven of the participants judged the cooperation during vacuum delivery as optimal, but twelve wrote that the collaboration could be better. Every clinic will always introduce new personnel who in many cases were learned otherwise. This is a major challenge in future, to take care of new colleagues, and to remind the basic staff of the techniques and lessons learned.

Keywords: Midwives’ Experiences; Perineal Support; Anal Sphincter Injury; Educational Program

  1. Dudding TC., et al. “Obstetric anal sphincter injury: Incidence, risk factors, and management”. Annals of Surgery 2 (2008): 224-237.
  2. de Leeuw JW., et al. “Risk factors for third degree perineal ruptures during delivery”. BJOG - An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology4 (2001): 383-387.
  3. Andrews V., et al. “Evaluation of postpartum perineal pain and dyspareunia—a prospective study”. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 2 (2008): 152-156.
  4. Samarasekera D., et al. “Long-term anal continence and quality of life following postpartum anal sphincter injury”. Colorectal Disease8 (2008): 793-799.
  5. Dahlgren H., et al. “Sexual function in primiparous women: a prospective study”. International Urogynecology Journal 6 (2022): 1567-1582.
  6. Gommesen D., et al. “Obstetric perineal tears, sexual function and dyspareunia among primiparous women 12 months postpartum: a prospective cohort study”. BMJ Open12 (2019): e032368.
  7. Hals E., et al. “A multicenter interventional program to reduce the incidence of anal sphincter tears”. Obstetrics and Gynaecology 4 (2010): 901-908.
  8. Pirhonen T., et al. “Experiences of expert midwives in a training program aimed at decreasing perineal tears”. International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery 6 (2011): 70-75.
  9. Leenskjold S., et al. “Manual protection of the perineum reduces the risk of obstetric anal sphincter ruptures”. Danish Medical Journal 5 (2015): A5075.
  10. Pirhonen J., et al. “Interventional program to reduce both the incidence of anal sphincter tears and rate of caesarean sections”. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 223 (2018): 56-59.
  11. Stedenfeldt M., et al. “Episiotomy characteristics and risks for obstetric anal sphincter injuries: a case-control study”. BJOG - An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 6 (2012): 724-730.
  12. Puranen J., et al. “Decreasing the incidence of anal sphincter tears in instrumental delivery in Hudiksvall, Sweden”. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine25 (2021): 887-8891.
  13. Rasmussen O., et al. “Importance of individual elements for perineal protection in childbirth: an interventional, prospective trial”. American Journal of Perinatology Reports4 (2018): e289-e294.

Tiina Pirhonen., et al. "Midwives’ Experiences of Perineal Support Techniques in Gävle - A Clinical Study". EC Gynaecology 14.2 (2025): 01-06.