EC Gynaecology

Perspective Volume 15 Issue 6 - 2026

Menopausal Symptoms Resulting from Evolutionary Errors

Lasley Bill L*

Professor, Retired, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA

*Corresponding Author: Lasley Bill L, Professor, Retired, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Received: May 03, 2026; Published: June 04, 2026



Mammalian evolution can be described as a series of adaptations of each species developing their own reproductive mating strategy. Humans evolved from mammalian species that reproduced with simple mating strategies that relied largely on autonomic control of behavior that was synchronous with their reproductive physiology. Through evolution, these rudimentary neuronal mechanisms were gradually overlaid with new adaptations that provided additional benefit for survival and potentially speciation. However, not all ancient traits were erased by new traits but were simply overwritten by the new, more beneficial, traits. In combination, however, some evolved traits led to mixed results with unintended and often with unwanted results. For example, through evolution, estrus, or the psychic manifestations of “heat”, (the desire to mate) was suppressed. This trait, which was common to many female mammals, was dampened in higher primate species and ultimately was replaced by a social-sexual reproductive mating system that permitted “mate choice”. While this and other adaptation were largely beneficial to extant primate lineages, the advent of a prolong life span in humans has led to the re-emergence of ancestral neural links, which we now refer to as menopausal symptoms. Therapies, including diet, hormones and lifestyle changes can provide symptomatic relief, they cannot reverse the culminations of the evolutionary process

Keywords: Menopause; Evolution; Mating Strategy; Primate; Aging

  1. Lasley Bill L and Mc Connell Daniel S. “Evolution of estrus, brain function and menopausal symptoms”. EC Gynaecology 10 (2024): 01-15.
  2. Baxter S and Pryor ML “The Estrogen Errors”. Praeger Publishers, Library of Congress Card Number 2008046772. ISBN: 978-0-313-35398-7 (2009).
  3. B Lasley., et al. “Identification of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone receptors in the adrenal cortex of the female Rhesus macaque”. Reproductive Sciences4 (2016): 524-530.
  4. Moran FM., et al. “Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels reflect endogenous luteinizing hormone production and response to human chorionic gonadotropin challenge in older female macaque (Macaca fascicularis)”. Menopause3 (2013): 329-335.
  5. McConnell DS., et al. “Menopausal transition stage-specific changes in circulating adrenal androgens”. Menopause6 (2012): 658-663.
  6. Conley AJ., et al. “Adrenal androgens and the menopausal transition”. Menopause 3 (2013): 322-328.
  7. Lasley BL., et al. “The effects of estrogen and progesterone on the functional capacity of the gonadotrophs”. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism5 (1975): 820-826.
  8. Gilardi KV., et al. “Characterization of the onset of menopause in the Rhesus macaque”. Biology of Reproduction 2 (1997): 335-340.
  9. McConnell DS., et al. “Lowered progesterone metabolite excretion and a variable LH excretion pattern are associated with vasomotor symptoms but not negative mood in the early perimenopausal transition: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation”. Maturitas 147 (2021): 26-33.

Lasley Bill L. “Menopausal Symptoms Resulting from Evolutionary Errors”. EC Gynaecology 15.6 (2026): 01-04.