EC Gynaecology

Short Communication Volume 15 Issue 1 - 2026

Lone Vaginally (V) Delivered Progesterone (P) is Not Subservient to Intramuscular (IM) P Lone or in Combination with (VP in Programmed Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET)/Fresh Embryo Transfer (FET)/Donor Oocyte ET-The Wrong Notion Needs to be Eliminated - A Short Communication

Kulvinder Kochar Kaur1*, Gautam Nand Allahbadia2 and Mandeep Singh3

1Scientific Director Cum Owner Dr Kulvinder Kaur Centre for Human Reproduction, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

2Scientific Director, Ex-Rotunda-A Centre for Human Reproduction, Bandra (W), Mumbai, India

3Consultant Neurologist, Swami Satyanand Hospital, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

*Corresponding Author: Kulvinder Kochar Kaur, Scientific Director Cum Owner Dr Kulvinder Kaur Centre for Human Reproduction, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.
Received: December 28, 2025; Published: January 08, 2026



In the effort for gaining scientific knowledge in reference to clinical medicine, it is not possible to overexpress the significance of the randomized clinical trial (RCT). Practically each cohort study, retrospective or otherwise, concludes with the statement, “there is need for corroboration of outcomes by an appropriately fashioned RCT”.

  1. Devine K., et al. “Intramuscular progesterone optimizes live birth from programmed frozen embryo transfer: a randomized clinical trial”. Fertility and Sterility3 (2021): 633-643.
  2. Devine K., et al. “Vitrified blastocyst transfer cycles with the use of only vaginal progesterone replacement with Endometrin have inferior ongoing pregnancy rates: results from the planned interim analysis of a three-arm randomized controlled noninferiority trial”. Fertility and Sterility2 (2018): 266-275.
  3. Glujovsky D., et al. “Endometrial preparation for women undergoing embryo transfer with frozen embryos or embryos derived from donor oocytes”. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 10 (2020): CD006359.
  4. Paulson RJ., et al. “Progesterone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with 3 dosages and 2 regimens of an effervescent micronized progesterone vaginal insert”. Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 11 (2014): 4241-4249.
  5. Usadi RS., et al. “Endometrial development and function in experimentally induced luteal phase deficiency”. Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 10 (2008): 4058-4064.
  6. Paulson RJ. “Editorial The incorrect conclusion about vaginally administered progesterone: when a randomized clinical trial gets it wrong”. F&S Reports4 (2024): 340-341.
  7. GN Allahbadia., et al. “The comparison of pregnancy outcomes of intramuscular progesterone versus oral dydrogesterone for luteal phase support in donor egg IVF recipient cycles”. Fertility and Sterility2 (2004): S194.
  8. Allahbadia GN., et al. “The route of progesterone administration and ART outcome under topic ovarian stimulation”. Fertility and Sterility3 (2006): S72-S73.
  9. Kulvinder Kochar Kaur., et al. “Timing of luteal phase support along with optimum drugs to be used: A short commentary”. EC Gynaecology9 (2018): 351-352.
  10. Kulvinder Kochar Kaur., et al. “Luteal phase support using oral dydrogesterone-a prospective treatment for future replacing micronized vaginal progesterone”. Open Access Journal of Reproductive System and Sexual Disorders 4 (2018): OAJRSD.MS.ID.000119.

Kulvinder Kochar Kaur., et al. “Lone Vaginally (V) Delivered Progesterone (P) is Not Subservient to Intramuscular (IM) P Lone or in Combination with (VP in Programmed Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET)/Fresh Embryo Transfer (FET)/Donor Oocyte ET-The Wrong Notion Needs to be Eliminated - A Short Communication”. EC Gynaecology  15.1 (2026): 01-04.

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