EC Gynaecology

Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a rare and unique variant of uterine fibroids, characterized by the benign proliferation of smooth muscle cells within the venous system. Despite its benign histological nature, IVL exhibits aggressive behavior by extending beyond the uterus, potentially reaching the inferior vena cava, heart, and pulmonary arteries. Due to its rarity and nonspecific early clinical presentations, IVL is often misdiagnosed or detected late, leading to challenges in treatment. We present a case of a 45-year-old woman initially suspected to have leiomyosarcoma, who underwent radical hysterectomy. Postoperative histopathology confirmed IVL. Complete surgical excision was performed, and a five-year follow-up was planned due to the risk of recurrence. This case put the light on the importance of high clinical suspicion and thorough surgical management in ensuring optimal outcomes for IVL.

 Keywords: Intravenous Leiomyomatosis; Uterine Fibroid; Hysterectomy

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