EC Gynaecology

Introduction and Objective: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to a fetus with an estimated weight below the 10^th percentile at the time of ultrasound. It is a public health issue, with an incidence of 10 to 20% in Africa. Several risk factors have been identified, as well as established direct causes. The objective of this study is to provide a descriptive analysis of our experience in the emergency management of IUGR.

Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective study over 3 years analyzing 48 cases of intrauterine growth restriction. Singleton pregnancies and evolving were retentions in the study. We have analysis the woman's data, obstetric data and finally those of the newborn.

Results: The average maternal age was 30 years and 33.33% were at least at their fourth pregnancy. Preeclampsia was the most common pregnancy complication. The mean gestational age was 32 weeks of amenorrhea. Ultrasound abnormalities included decreased amniotic fluid volume and abnormal umbilical cord and uterine doppler ultrasound. The estimated mean fetal weight was 1352 grams. Vaginal delivery occurred in 47 patients, resulting in the extraction of 28 girls, with an Apgar score of less than 7/10 (44.68%).

Conclusion: Intrauterine growth restriction is common; risk factors are established and most are modifiable. When diagnosed, it necessitates strict and regular monitoring of the pregnancy in order to improve the maternal prognosis and fetal.

Keywords: Delay of Growth Intra Uterine; Screening; Placenta; Preeclampsia

1. Andrea Lausanne and John Kingdom. “Retard de croissance intra-utérin: Dépistage, diagnostic et prise en charge”. Directive Clinique de la SOGC12 (2013): S277-S286.
2. “Definitions and recommendations. International statistical classification of diseases (9^th revision volume 1)”. Geneva: WHO (1979).
3. Camara B., et al. “Low birth weights: frequency and risk factors in the district of Guediawaye (suburb of Dakar- Senegal)”. Médecine d'Afrique Noire 5 (1996): 260-265.
4. Jules Ngwe Thaba Moyambe., et al. “Study of risk factors for intrauterine growth retardation in Lubumbashi”. Pan African Medical Journal 14 (2013): 4.
5. C Geyl., et al. “Links entrance preeclampsia and delay of growth intrauterine”. Gynecology, Obstetrics and Fertility4 (2014): 229-233.
6. Stéphane V Sizonenko., et al. “Retard de croissance intra utérin : impact sur le développement et la fonction cérébrale”. Revue Médicale Suisse (2008).
7. Jjedidi Jihen., et al. “Le retard de croissance intra uterin : definition, epidemiologie et facteurs de risque: particularites du gouvernorat de sfax”. JIM Sfax20 (2010): 20-29.
8. Barker DJ., et al. “Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease”. Lancet8663 (1989): 577-580.
9. KE Djadou., et al. “Facteurs liés au petit poids de naissance au Togo”. Revue de Médecine Périnatale 10 (2018): 169-174.
10. Katz J., et al. “Mortality risk in preterm and small-for-gestational-age infants in low-income and middle-income countries: a pooled country analysis”. Lancet 9890 (2013): 417-425.
11. Christian P., et al. “Risk of childhood undernutrition related to small-for-gestational age and preterm birth in low and middle-income countries”. International Journal of Epidemiology 5 (2013): 1340-1355.
12. Hack M., et al. “Outcomes in young adulthood for very-low-birth weight infants”. New England Journal of Medicine 3 (2002): 149-157.
13. Ozanne SE., et al. “Fetal growth and adult diseases”. Seminars in Perinatology1 (2004): 81-87.