EC Gynaecology

Literature Review Volume 14 Issue 5 - 2025

Genomic Instability Mechanisms and their Role in Endometrial and Cervical Cancer: A Review of the Literature

Antonios Koutras1, Paraskevas Perros1, Thomas Ntounis1, Ioannis Prokopakis1*, Zacharias Fasoulakis1, Ioakeim Sapantzoglou1, Athanasios Douligeris1, Anastasia Mortaki1, Konstantinos Nikolettos2, Athanasios Syllaios3, Athina A Samara4, Nikolaos Garmpis5, Konstantinos Daglas6, Athanasios Chionis6, Vasilios Pergialiotis1, Georgios Daskalakis1 and Emmanuel N Kontomanolis2

11st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens ‘ALEXANDRA’, Athens, Greece

2Department of Gynecology, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece

3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece

41st Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece

5Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece

6Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

*Corresponding Author: Ioannis Prokopakis, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens ‘ALEXANDRA’, Athens, Greece.
Received: April 14, 2025; Published: May 01, 2025




Genomic instability involves alterations in DNA that often lead to pathological conditions, particularly cancer. This instability is under constant surveillance by various mechanisms, including DNA damage checkpoints, the DNA repair system, and mitotic checkpoints, all of which work to maintain genomic integrity. A breakdown in the regulation of these systems can trigger genomic instability, increasing the risk of malignancy. This study examines the underlying mechanisms that contribute to DNA instability, offering insights into its origins. Furthermore, it explores the connection between genomic instability and gynecologic cancers, the role of HPV oncoproteins in the risk of cervical cancer, and the implications of the newly proposed molecular classification for endometrial cancer. This includes discussing advancements in treatment approaches and survival outcomes. Importantly, deficiencies in homologous recombination-a key DNA repair process-can lead to cancer development, highlighting the critical nature of these mechanisms in preventing disease. Furthermore, understanding these deficiencies has paved the way for precision medicine, allowing for the development of targeted therapies such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors that specifically address the vulnerabilities of cancer cells lacking effective DNA repair capabilities.

 Keywords: Genomic Instability; Genome; Endometrial Cancer; Oncogenes; Cervical Cancer; Tumorigenesis

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Ioannis Prokopakis., et al. "Genomic Instability Mechanisms and their Role in Endometrial and Cervical Cancer: A Review of the Literature". EC Gynaecology 14.5 (2025): 01-12.

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