EC Gynaecology

The conflicting tensions between tradition and contemporary thought produce many constructive debates; but not all such ‘tensions’ justify even-handed discourse.

1. Fuambai Sia Nyoko Ahmadu., et al. “Harms of the current global anti-FGM campaign”. Journal of Medical Ethics (2025). https://jme.bmj.com/content/early/2025/12/14/jme-2025-110961
2. United Nations. “Over 230 million women and girls subjected to female genital mutilation: UNICEF” (2024). https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/03/1147402
3. THE TIMES. “These FGM apologists are western privilege personified”. https://www.thetimes.com/comment/columnists/article/fgm-apologists-western-privilege-bmj-nnrdph7zp
4. THE TIMES. “Medical journals attempt to minimise abhorrent FGM is shameful”. https://www.thetimes.com/comment/columnists/article/medical-journals-attempt-to-minimise-abhorrent-fgm-is-shameful-x62j7j9qd
5. Arpita Ghosh., et al. “Estimating excess mortality due to female genital mutilation”. Scientific Reports 13 (2023): 13328. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-38276-6
6. “Female genital mutilation” (2025). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/female-genital-mutilation
7. Hilary Burrage. “Stunted children: A global tragedy. Does FGM amplify it?” (2024). https://hilaryburrage.com/2024/07/06/stunted-children-a-global-tragedy-does-fgm-amplify-it/
8. Hilary Burrage. “World water day – And why it matters for #EndFGM” (2024). https://hilaryburrage.com/2024/03/22/world-water-day-and-why-it-matters-for-endfgm/
9. Clara García Parra and Joseph Holden. “Economic empowerment for adolescent girls: Impacts on sexual and reproductive health outcomes”. EPS-PEAKS (2014). https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a089efe5274a27b2000329/Economic-empowerment-for-adolescent-girls.pdf
10. Hilary Burrage. “Female genital mutilation and genital surgeries”. Chapter 33, in Routledge International Handbook of Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health (2019), eds Jane M. Ussher., et al. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781351035620-34/female-genital-mutilation-genital-surgeries-hilary-burrage
11. Hilary Burrage. “Patriarchy incarnate” (2021). https://hilaryburrage.com/2021/07/04/patriarchy-incarnate/
12. “Masculinities, patriarchy and climate change”. https://www.heforshe.org/en/masculinities-patriarchy-and-climate-change
13. Hilary Burrage. “Female genital mutilation: What we still don’t know… socio-economics (Water, land, knowledge): The global backlash” (2025). https://hilaryburrage.com/2025/12/05/female-genital-mutilation-what-we-still-dont-know/
14. Hilary Burrage. “IHPE position statement: Female genital mutilation (FGM)” (2025). https://hilaryburrage.com/2025/10/24/ihpe-position-statement-female-genital-mutilation-fgm/
15. Hilary Burrage. “What we know about female genital mutilation - A summary (2025) of the many and complex aspects” (2025). https://hilaryburrage.com/2025/09/01/what-we-know-about-female-genital-mutilation-2025/