EC Dental Science

Introduction: More than 570 million children are affected with untreated caries lesions in deciduous teeth around the world. The prevalence of untreated dental caries was stable from 1990 to 2015 and then significantly increased in children between 1 - 4 years old, regarding such a pandemic of dental caries in various parts of the world. A better and advanced solution to the prevention of dental caries can help. One such method is “Remineralization of caries lesions,” which is the salivary ions naturally attain and external factors or elements such as fluoride can further augment it. Nanotechnology has improved dental treatment and prevention mea- sures. The use of nanoparticles for effective caries control is a new concept and because it not only remineralizes but can also act as an antibacterial and also load drugs for delivery. Adding active ingredients such as calcium, phosphate, stannous, xylitol, and arginine can augment the effect of fluorides on treatment. Despite such advancement in new remineralization strategies, further evidence is needed to evaluate their true clinical potential.

Aim of the Study: The aim of the review is to understand various new advances materials aids in remineralization process and pre- vent carious lesion.

Methodology: The review is a comprehensive research of PUBMED and CROSSREF from the year 1998 to 2019. Conclusion: The mechanism of remineralization can be better understood by having a clear knowledge of the mode of implemen- tation and mechanism of action of these newly evolve remineralizing agents. Thus, it is important for a clinician to be aware of all possible new techniques and also to understand the fact that it takes some significant time to establish a relationship with new technology like this.

Keywords: Fluorides; Non-Fluoridated Remineralizing Agents; Nanoparticles for Remineralization

1. Mann A and Dickinson “Nanomechanics, chemistry and structure at the enamel surface”. Monographs in Oral Science 19 (2006): 105.
2. Naveena , et al. “Remineralizing Agent -Then and Now -An Update”. Dentistry 4 (2014): 256.
3. Allan , et al. “Antibacterial activity of particulate Bioglass®against supra-and subgingival bacteria”. Biomaterials 22.12 (2001): 1683- 1687.
4. Azarpazhooh A and Limeback “Clinical efficacy of casein derivatives: a systematic review of the literature”. The Journal of the Ameri- can Dental Association 139.7 (2008): 915-924.
5. Akhila , et al. “Newer Approaches To Enamel Remineralisation: A Review”. International Journal of Advances in Pediatric Dentistry 4.1 (2019): 9-15.
6. Mathews , et al. “In situ remineralisation of eroded enamel lesions by NaF rinses”. Archives of Oral Biology 57.5 (2012): 525-530.
7. Brading , et al. “The role of Triclosan in dentifrice formulations, with particular reference to a new 0.3% Triclosan calcium carbon- ate-based system”. International Dental Journal 54.5 (2004): 291-298.
8. Robinson , et al. “Fluoride in teeth and bone”. In fluoride in dentistry Copenhagen: Munksgaard (1996): 69-87.
9. Lynch R , et al. “Low-levels of fluoride in plaque and saliva and their effects on the demineralisation and remineralisation of enam- el; role of fluoride toothpastes”. International Dental Journal 54 (2004): 304-309.
10. Ruan , et al. “An amelogenin–chitosan matrix promotes assembly of an enamel-like layer with a dense interface”. Acta Biomaterialia 9.7 (2013): 7289-7297.
11. Fernández C , et al. “Effect of fluoride-containing toothpastes on enamel demineralization and Streptococcus mutans biofilm archi- tecture”. Caries Research 50.2 (2016): 151-158.
12. Llena , et al. “CPP-ACP and CPP-ACFP versus fluoride varnish in remineralisation of early caries lesions. A prospective study”. Euro- pean Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 16.3 (2015): 181-186.
13. Oliveira C , et al. “Incorporation of ZnCl2 into an etch-and-rinse adhesive system on flexural strength, degree of conversion and bond durability to caries-affected dentin”. American Journal of Dentistry 32.6 (2019): 299-305.
14. Toledano , et al. “A Zn-doped etch-and-rinse adhesive may improve the mechanical properties and the integrity at the bonded- dentin interface”. Dental Materials 29.8 (2013): e142-e152.
15. Chen , et al. “Advances of Anti-Caries Nanomaterials”. Molecules 25.21 (2020): 5047.
16. Elsaka S , et al. “Titanium dioxide nanoparticles addition to a conventional glass-ionomer restorative: influence on physical and antibacterial properties”. Journal of Dentistry 39.9 (2011): 589-598.
17. Noori AJ and Kareem “The effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of glass-ionomer cement”. Heliyon 5.10 (2019): e02568.
18. Liao , et al. “Antibacterial activity and mechanism of silver nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa”. International Journal of Nanomedicine 14 (2019): 1469.
19. Lee J , et al. “Bioactive glass-based nanocomposites for personalized dental tissue regeneration”. Dental Materials Journal 35.5 (2016): 710-720.
    
    
20. Vichery C and Nedelec “Bioactive glass nanoparticles: from synthesis to materials design for biomedical applications”. Materials 9.4 (2016): 288.
21. Reynolds “Anticariogenic complexes of amorphous calcium phosphate stabilized by casein phosphopeptides: a review”. Special Care in Dentistry 18.1 (1998): 8-16.