EC Dental Science

Review Article Volume 24 Issue 12 - 2025

The Influence of Innate Immunity on Osseointegration: An Osteoimmunological Perspective

Bharathi Vasudevan1*, Joel Edwin Paul E1, Devi Parameswari2 and Annapoorni Hariharan3

1Graduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higer Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India

2Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital Meenakshi Academy of Higer Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India

3Head of the Department, Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higer Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India

*Corresponding Author: Bharathi Vasudevan, Graduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higer Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India.
Received: November 21, 2025; Published: December 03, 2025



Osseointegration has traditionally been defined as a structural phenomenon dependent on the "bio-inert" properties of titanium. However, contemporary "osteoimmunology" redefines implant success as an immune-modulated outcome of the Foreign Body Reaction (FBR). This review examines the aseptic biological mechanisms where the innate immune system determines the fate of dental implants. It focuses on the sequential activation of the coagulation cascade, neutrophil recruitment, and the critical plasticity of macrophages (M1/M2 polarization). We discuss how the failure of these immune checkpoints leads to aseptic fibrous encapsulation rather than bone apposition, distinct from bacteria-induced peri-implantitis.

 Keywords: Osteoimmunology; Macrophage Polarization; Osseointegration; Foreign Body Reaction (FBR); Neutrophils; Titanium

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Bharathi Vasudevan., et al. “The Influence of Innate Immunity on Osseointegration: An Osteoimmunological Perspective”. EC Dental Science  24.12 (2025): 01-04.

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