EC Dental Science

Periodontitis is a long-lasting inflammatory disease influenced by various factors, including microbial biofilm, the immune re- sponse of the host, genetics, and environmental elements. Different models have been suggested to clarify its development, starting from simple plaque-based theories to more intricate nonlinear and systems-oriented ideas. The Page and Schroeder model outlined the histopathological changes, while subsequent models incorporated host vulnerability and risk factors. Newer ideas like the key- stone pathogen, polymicrobial dysbiosis, and immunomicrobial models portray periodontitis as a cycle involving chronic inflamma- tion, microbial imbalance, and tissue damage. Contemporary biological systems approaches could enhance personalized diagnosis and treatment. Grasping these models is crucial for improving periodontal care.

Keywords: Periodontitis; Microbial Biofilm; Page and Schroeder Model; Periodontal Care

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