EC Dental Science

Background: Ameloblastoma is a rare benign odontogenic tumor characterized by slow but locally aggressive growth and a high risk of recurrence if not adequately treated. Although more frequently diagnosed in adults, it may occasionally occur in children and adolescents, where it can mimic odontogenic cysts, making the diagnosis particularly challenging.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 14-year-old male who presented with a painless swelling on the right side of the mandible evolving over two months. Clinical examination revealed a firm swelling in the posterior mandibular region without mucosal changes. Panoramic radiography demonstrated a well-circumscribed unilocular radiolucency extending from the second right mandibular molar to the mandibular angle, encompassing the developing germ of the third molar, with cortical expansion but no root resorption. Aspiration of the lesion yielded yellowish citrine fluid. Surgical biopsy and histopathological analysis revealed islands of odontogenic epithelium with follicular architecture, areas of plexiform arrangement, and cystic degeneration, consistent with a follicular ameloblastoma with cystic and plexiform components. No signs of malignancy were observed.

Conclusion: Pediatric ameloblastomas are uncommon but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mandibular radiolucent lesions associated with impacted teeth. This case highlights the importance of combining clinical, radiological, and histopathological evaluation to establish the diagnosis and guide conservative surgical management, followed by long-term surveillance to minimize the risk of recurrence.

 Keywords: Ameloblastoma; Follicular; Plexiform; Cystic; Mandible

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