EC Dental Science

The prevalence of supernumerary teeth, or extra teeth beyond the usual dentition, is around 3% of the population; it is higher in men and some ethnic groups, such the Eastern and African populations. In the premolar region, these teeth are more common in the mandible and are often supplemental or conical. The prevalence ranges from 0.075% to 1%, with most cases being asymptomatic and diagnosed via radiographs.

Etiology involves genetic and environmental factors, with theories suggesting they arise from post permanent dental lamina extensions, potentially representing a third dentition. Genes like Apc and pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin signalling are implicated in their formation, as evidenced in human and experimental models. 

Supernumerary teeth may lead to complications like cyst formation, crowding, and transposition. Advances in genetics, tissue engineering, and stem cell research offer insights into their development and potential therapeutic strategies, including tooth regeneration and bioengineering.

 Keywords: Supernumerary Teeth; Hyperdontia; Cleidocranial Dysplasia; Premolar; Impaction

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