EC Dental Science

Background: Diabetes mellitus adversely affects wound healing and increases susceptibility to infections, both of which can compromise the success of dental implants. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), as an indicator of glycemic control, plays a key role in the healing process and Osseo integration. Poorly controlled diabetes is associated with delayed bone healing and impaired implant stability.

Objective: To understand the relation of implant stability in diabetic patients.

Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted using electronic databases and hand searching relevant journals. Studies included were clinical trials, cohort studies, and systematic reviews published in the last 10 years. Non-clinical studies or those outside the defined period were excluded. Data were extracted on implant success rates, implant stability quotient (ISQ) scores, and marginal bone loss (MBL) in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. A total of 101 articles were identified; after screening, 56 were eligible, and 25 were included in the final review.

Results: Primary implant stability, as measured by ISQ values, did not show significant differences between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Reported implant success rates ranged from 85.6% to 98.6% over 1 - 2 years. However, diabetic patients exhibited slightly higher MBL compared to non-diabetics. The degree of glycemic control, reflected in HbA1c levels, was consistently linked to implant outcomes. Well-controlled diabetes did not appear to compromise implant stability or success, while poor glycemic control increased the risk of complications.

Conclusion: Management of blood glucose levels is paramount for enhancing implant success rates and minimizing complications in diabetic individuals undergoing implant treatment.

Keyword: Glycaemic Control; Osseo Integration; Hyperglycaemia; Marginal Bone Loss; Implant Survival Rate

Abbreviations: AGEs: Advanced Glycation End Products; BIC: Bone to Implant Contact; HbA1C: Glycated Hemoglobin; ISQ: Implant Stability Quotient; MBL: Marginal Bone Loss; NDIS: Narrow-Diameter Dental Implants; NM: Nano-Modified; PIBL: Peri-Implant Bone Loss; RFA: Resonant Frequency Analysis; SMs: Safe-Multifunctional-Solid; T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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