EC Dental Science

Vascular malformations are congenital vascular anomalies characterized by abnormal vessel development and variable clinical presentation. The international society for the study of vascular anomalies (ISSVA) classification has standardized their categorization, improving diagnostic clarity and therapeutic decision-making. Although many oral vascular malformations are asymptomatic and require only observation, intervention becomes necessary in cases of bleeding, functional impairment, or esthetic concern. Diode laser photocoagulation has emerged as a minimally invasive therapeutic option offering effective vascular control with limited postoperative morbidity. This study presents three clinical cases illustrating the use of a 980 nm high-power diode laser in the management of oral vascular lesions, including a venous malformation, multiple varices, and a solitary oral varix in patients aged between 55 and 70 years. Diagnosis was established through clinical examination and positive diascopy. Treatment was performed using a 980 nm diode laser in continuous wave mode (1.0 W; 10 J/cm2) with a non-contact technique and controlled irradiation intervals to reduce thermal damage. Depending on lesion size, one to four sessions were required. Postoperative evolution was favorable in all cases, with fibrin formation observed within 24 hours and complete healing achieved within 2 to 3 weeks. No significant intraoperative bleeding, scarring, or major complications were reported. Diode laser photocoagulation induces selective microvascular coagulation through hemoglobin absorption, ensuring rapid hemostasis, reduced operative time, and minimal postoperative discomfort. Compared with conventional surgical approaches, it eliminates the need for sutures and promotes faster healing. These findings, consistent with current literature, support the safety and effectiveness of diode laser therapy in the management of oral vascular anomalies. The 980 nm diode laser represents a reliable, minimally invasive, and well-tolerated treatment option that provides favorable functional and esthetic outcomes with minimal morbidity.

Keywords: Oral Vascular Malformation; Venous Malformation; Oral Varix; Diode Laser; 980 nm Laser; Photocoagulation; Minimally Invasive Therapy; Oral Surgery

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