EC Dental Science

Research Article Volume 22 Issue 3 - 2023

Dental Pulp Stem Cell Differentiation Potential of BMP-2 and BMP-4

David Li1, Hyewon Lee2, David Foote2 and Karl Kingsley3*

1Orthodontic Resident in the Department of Advanced Education in Orthodontics at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas - School of Dental Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
2Second-Year Dental Student in the Department of Clinical Sciences at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas - School of Dental Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
3Professor of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas - School of Dental Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

*Corresponding Author: Karl Kingsley, Professor of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas - School of Dental Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
Received: February 10, 2023; Published: February 18, 2023



Introduction: Many studies are now evaluating the potential for dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) to assist with more complex and biotechnology applications, such as facilitating and promoting osseointegration following dental implants. However, the effects of factors that may control osseointegration and bone repair using DPSC including bone morphogenic proteins (BMP-2, BMP-4) are not yet well understood. Based upon this lack of evidence, the primary goal of this project is to evaluate the potential effects of BMPs (alone or in combination with other growth factors) to induce factors associated with osteogenesis.

Methods: DPSC isolates from an existing repository (n = 13) were plated into 96-well experimental assays with the addition of BMP-2, BMP-4 or a combination. Viability and growth assays were performed and RNA was collected and screened using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Results: BMP-2 administration induced increased proliferation and viability among two rapidly dividing DPSC isolates, while administration of BMP-4 induced similar responses among different rapid and all the intermediate dividing DPSC isolates. The combination of BMP-2 and BMP-4 induced differential increases in growth and viability among a distinct subset of rapidly and slowly dividing DPSC isolates that did not respond to the isolated administration of BMP-2 or BMP-4 alone. In addition, the increased growth and proliferation among these distinct isolates was associated with increased expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP).

Conclusion: These results suggest that BMP-2 and BMP-4 (both alone and in combination) are sufficient to induce the production of the early bone biomarkers ALP within specific subsets of the DPSC isolates evaluated. Although these results represent a significant step towards our understanding of DPSC biology, further research will be needed to determine the additional factors and biomarkers that may facilitate osteogenic differentiation.

Keywords: Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSC); BMP-2, BMP-4; Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR); Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)

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Karl Kingsley., et al. “Dental Pulp Stem Cell Differentiation Potential of BMP-2 and BMP-4”.”. EC Dental Science 22.3 (2023): 64-76.

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