EC Dental Science

Background: Eggshells are the rich sources of minerals since it contains calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, strontium and fluoride. Hence, it can be used as remineralizing agent.

Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Chicken eggshell paste on surface microhardness of bleached enamel surface in comparison with commercial CPP-ACP paste using Vickers microhardness test.

Materials and Methodology: 96 extracted permanent anterior teeth were decoronated at CEJ and embedded into self-cure acrylic with the labial enamel surface exposed. All samples were randomly divided into the following groups: Group A: No bleaching was done for samples. Group B: Bleaching was done by using 35% Hydrogen peroxide. Group C: Bleaching was done with 35% Hydrogen peroxide followed by application of CPP-ACP. Group D: Bleaching was done with 35% Hydrogen peroxide followed by application of Chicken Eggshell paste. All the samples including those of Group A were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C. The baseline surface microhardness was measured, followed by surface microhardness measurement of posttreatment done at the end of 2 weeks. Data was analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test.

Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between the group B followed by bleaching which decreased microhardnesss values. There were no significant differences between both remineralizing agents used i.e. eggshell paste and CPP-ACP.

Conclusion: Chicken eggshell paste can be used as an alternate to commercially available remineralizing agents.

 Keywords: Bleaching; Chicken Eggshell; CPP-ACP; Microhardness; Remineralization

1. Kunam D., et al. “Effect of indigenously developed nano-hydroxyapatite crystals from chicken egg shell on the surface hardness of bleached human enamel: An in vitro study”. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 3 (2019): 489.
2. Attin T., et al. “Influence of study design on the impact of bleaching agents on dental enamel microhardness: a review”. Dental Materials Journal 2 (2009): 143-157.
3. Attia RM and Kamel MM. “Changes in surface roughness of bleached enamel by using different remineralizing agents”. Tanta Dental Journal 4 (2016): 179.
4. Amaechi BT. “Remineralization therapies for initial caries lesions”. Current Oral Health Reports 2 (2015): 95-101.
5. El-olimy GA. “In-vitro evaluation of remineralization efficiency of chicken eggshell slurry on eroded deciduous enamel”. Egyptian Dental Journal 66 (2020): 2519-2528.
6. Gaurav BD and Navin KK. “Formulation and evaluation of tooth paste by using eggshells”. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research2 (2017): 534-543.
7. Izquierdo‑Barba I., et al. “New approach to determine the morphological and structural changes in the enamel as consequence of dental bleaching”. Materials Letters 141 (2015): 302-306.
8. Priyadarshini S., et al. “Effect of organic versus inorganic fluoride on enamel microhardness: An in vitro study”. Journal of Conservative Dentistry3 (2013): 203-207.
9. Poggio C., et al. “Ultrastructural evaluation of enamel surface morphology after tooth bleaching followed by the application of protective pastes”. Scanning3 (2016): 221-226.
10. Borges BC., et al. “Efficacy of a novel at‑home bleaching technique with carbamide peroxides modified by CPP‑ACP and its effect on the microhardness of bleached enamel”. Operative Dentistry 5 (2011): 521‑528.
11. Gomes YS., et al. “In situ effect of nanohydroxyapatite paste in enamel teeth bleaching”. Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 11 (2017): 996‑1003.
12. Khoroushi M., et al. “Effect of three nanobiomaterials on microhardness of bleached enamel”. Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics 3 (2016): 196‑201.
13. Moosavi H and Hakimi N. “The effects of fractional CO₂ laser, Nano‑hydroxyapatite and MI paste on mechanical properties of bovine enamel after bleaching”. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry 12 (2017): e1390‑e1396.
14. Soldani P., et al. “Microhardness evaluation of in situ vital bleaching and thickening agents on human dental enamel”. International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry 2 (2010): 203-211.
15. Mellberg JR. “Hard-tissue substrates for evaluation of cariogenic and anti-cariogenic activity in situ”. Journal of Dental Research 71 (1992): 913-919.
16. Potocnik I., et al. “Effect of 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on enamel microhardness, microstructure, and mineral content”. Journal of Endodontics 4 (2000): 203-206.
17. Sulieman M., et al. “A safety study in vitro for the effects of an in-office bleaching system on the integrity of enamel and dentine”. Journal of Dentistry 7 (2004): 581-590.
18. Mondelli RF., et al. “Do different bleaching protocols affect the enamel microhardness?” European Journal of Dentistry 1 (2015): 25-30.
19. Yengopal V and Mickenautsch S. “Caries preventive effect of casein phosphopeptide‑amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP‑ACP): A meta‑analysis”. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 6 (2009): 321‑332.
20. Feroz S., et al. “Protective effect of chicken egg shell powder solution (CESP) on artificially induced dental erosion: an in vitro atomic force microscope study”. International Journal of Dental Sciences and Research 3 (2017): 49-55.