EC Dental Science

Chronic periodontitis is a microbial, chronic progressive inflammatory diseases of teeth leading to gingival inflammation, attachment and bone lose leading to mobility and teeth loss. Chronic periodontitis mainly due to poor oral hygiene, predisposing factors such as diabetes, immunocompromised patients, chemotherapy and radiotherapy patients, patients on immunosuppressants, leukemia, steroids, patients on smoking and chewing tobacco. The key microbes involved in chronic periodontitis are Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and A. actinomycetemcomitans. Altered oral microbiota in patients with chronic periodontitis is known as dysbiosis. Chronic periodontitis later leads to systemic inflammation results in release of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, proteolytic enzymes by chronic inflammatory cells such as macrophages, mast cells and neutrophils leads to various cellular and vascular changes to cerebrovascular diseases.