EC Dental Science

Bruxism is a parafunctional habit involving involuntary clenching or grinding of teeth during sleep or wakefulness. It has a multifactorial etiology, including central nervous system factors, psychological stress, genetic predisposition, and environmental influences. Clinically, bruxism presents with abnormal tooth wear, tooth sensitivity, gingival recession, tooth mobility, and symptoms of masticatory muscle and temporomandibular joint disorders. Radiographic findings may include cortical thickening, increased mandibular bone density, and alterations in gonial angle morphology. Diagnosis is based on patient history, clinical signs, and instrumental methods, with polysomnography considered the gold standard for sleep bruxism. Management focuses on tooth protection, reduction of muscular activity, and control of contributing factors. Bruxism does not directly cause periodontal disease but may aggravate existing periodontal conditions.

Keywords: Bruxism; Habits; Clenching; Grinding; Periodontitis

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