EC Dental Science

Research Article Volume 22 Issue 10 - 2023

Analysis of Smile Patterns and Upper Lip Curvatures in Three Different Races and Gender in AIMST University Dental Centre, Malaysia

Erry Mochamad Arief1*, Kaneesha A/P Chandrasekaran1, Kartikeya A/L Sridharan1, Keshavani A/P Tanabalan1, Khoo Jo Yee1 and Muhammad Iftikhar Hanif2

1Faculty of Dentistry, AIMST University, Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia
2Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia

*Corresponding Author: Erry Mochamad Arief, Associate Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, AIMST University, Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia.
Received: September 21, 2023; Published: October 09, 2023




Objective: To compare smile patterns and upper lip curvatures across the three major ethnic groups and genders at the AIMST University Dental Centre in Kedah, Malaysia.

Methods: A total of 30 participants, equally distributed across the three ethnic groups and genders, aged 18 to 44 years old, were involved in this study. A room was set up with a camera placed on a tripod 100 cm from the participant. The camera lens was adjusted parallel to the ala-tragus line, and only the part between the nose and chin was focused. Two images were taken of each participant, one with the lips at rest and another with a maximum dynamic smile. The smile patterns and upper lip curvatures were classified into three classifications for each. Fisher’s exact test was used to analyze the data.

Results: Indians had the highest percentage of canine smiles (60.0%) and upward upper lip curvatures (80.0%). Meanwhile, there was no association between smile patterns and ethnicities, nor between smile patterns or upper lip curvatures and genders. Still, there was an association between upper lip curvatures and ethnicities (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: These findings could affect aesthetic dental treatments, especially for upper lip curvatures, in different ethnic groups.

Keywords: Smile Pattern; Upper Lip Curvature; Malay; Chinese; Indian

Erry Mochamad Arief., et al. Analysis of Smile Patterns and Upper Lip Curvatures in Three Different Races and Gender in AIMST University Dental Centre, Malaysia. EC Dental Science 22.10 (2023): 01-08.

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