EC Dental Science

Introduction: Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory process at a specific site and infectious disease that causes inflammation in soft tissues as well as bone loss around an osseointegrated implant. The etiology of peri-implantitis depends on the status and condition of the tissue surrounding the implant, the type of implant design, external morphology, degree of roughness, and excessive mechanical load. The most common microorganisms associated with implant failure are Gram-negative anaerobes (mobile forms) and spirochetes, except the etiology, which is a result of mechanical overload. Diagnosis is made on the basis of bleeding and probing depth of peri-implant pockets, suppuration, changes of color in the gingiva of surrounding tissues, and X-ray of the implant region to assess gradual loss of bone height around the implant tooth. Treatment varies according to the case, whether it is peri-implantitis or peri-implant mucositis. The first and most important step in the management of peri-implantitis is to control the infection by surface decontamination, the detoxification of the surface of the implant, followed by regeneration of the alveolar bone. Resective and regenerative techniques are the two surgical techniques available to clinicians to treat peri-implant diseases. Although the variety of investigations present currently that aim to identify the etiology for peri-implantitis, the best approach to treat implant infection is yet not completely clear and has no universally recognized protocol for treatment. A new regenerative approach seems to be promising in managing implant infection.

Aim of the Study: The aim of the present review is to understand the recent regenerative approach for the management of peri-implantitis.

Methodology: The review is a comprehensive research of PUBMED, Crossref since the year 1998 to 2021.

Conclusion: In reconstructive peri-implant therapy, regenerative surgical techniques have shown good efficacy in the management of peri-implant infection and related parameters. Despite ongoing research, there is yet not enough evidence to select a specific grafting material or membrane that would have long-term benefits. No particular surface decontamination treatment can be considered better that can influence the clinical outcomes of regenerative treatment of peri-implantitis. Peri-implant bone defect morphology is an important factor that influences the final outcomes. Regenerative therapies for the treatment of peri-implantitis are confined to specific and selected clinical scenarios.

Keywords: Peri-Implantitis; Bone Defect; Regenerative Therapy

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