EC Clinical and Medical Case Reports

Review Article Volume 6 Issue 1 - 2023

Prophylactic Role of Butyrate Fermented in Aloe vera Gel to Type-2 Diabetic Patients and Obesity Subjects: Case Reports of Obesity-Prone Individuals

Akira Yagi1*, Megumi Hasegawa2 and Kouske Shiba3

1Special Advisor of Japan Aloe Science Association, Professor Emeritus of Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan

2Pharmacist, Kampo Pharmacy Grace-Meg-Salon, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan

3A Clinical Director of Medical Association and Occupational Physician, Yokohama city, Kanagawa-ken, Japan

*Corresponding Author: Akira Yagi, Special Advisor of Japan Aloe Science Association, Professor Emeritus of Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan.
Received: December 13, 2022; Published: December 21, 2022



Diabetes mellitus is characterized by an increased level of blood glucose and impairment in the metabolic functions of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Beneficial effect of butyrate fermented in Aloe vera gel to type-2 diabetes patients and obesity subjects was discussed in the present review. In case reports, a possible prophylactic role of Aloe vera juice in long time ingestion to obesity-prone subjects was observed.

Keywords: Butyrate; Aloe vera; Type-2 Diabetic Patients; Obesity

  1. Kahn SE., et al. “Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes”. Nature 444 (2006): 840-846.
  2. Karpe F., et al. “Fatty acids, obesity, and insulin resistance: Time for a reevaluation”. Diabetes 1 (2011): 2441-2449.
  3. Al-Goblan AS., et al. “Mechanism linking diabetes mellitus and obesity Diabetes”. Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity 7 (2014): 587-591.
  4. Shoelson SE., et al. “Obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance”. Gastroenterology6 (2007): 2169-2180.
  5. A Yagi., et al. “Possible hypoglycemic effect of Aloe vera high molecular weight fractions on type-2 diabetic patients”. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 17.3-4 (2009). 129-136.
  6. A Yagi. “Possible efficacy of Aloe vera gel metabolites in long-term ingestion to insulin sensitivity”. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research2 (2014): 996-1005.
  7. A Yagi., et al. “Dietary Aloe vera gel and microbiota interactions: Influence of butyrate and insulin sensitivity”. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research4 (2017): 2376-2383.
  8. Zhang Y., et al. “Efficacy of Aloe vera supplementation on prediabetes and early non-treated diabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials”. Nutrients 7 (2016): 388.
  9. A Yagi., et al. “Short chain fatty acids from fermentation by endophytic bacteria in Aloe vera leaf and gel”. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research4 (2016): 2122-2124.
  10. Tang X., et al. “Sodium butyrate protects against oxidative stress in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats by promoting GSK-3β/Nrf2 signaling pathway and mitochondrial function”. Journal of Food Biochemistry10 (2022): e14334.
  11. Van Deuren T., et al. “Butyrate to combat obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders: Current status and future implications for therapeutic use”. Obesity Reviews10 (2022): e13498.
  12. Aisya RW., et al. “The effectiveness of Aloe-based drink in reducing glycated albumin and insulin resistance of metabolic syndrome: A randomized clinical trial”. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science2 (2022): 566-574.
  13. Remely M., et al. “Increased gut microbiota diversity and abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermanisia after fasting: a pilot study”. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift9-10 (2015): 304-398.
  14. Ozukul C., et al. “Structural changes in gut microbiome after Ramadan fasting: a pilot study”. Beneficial Microbes3 (2020): 227-233.
  15. A Yagi., et al. “Prophylactic role of Aloe components, butyrate fermented, mic RNAs, and hyaluronan on Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and osteoarthritis in knee joints: Case reports of Aloe vera juice ingestion producing intestinal butyrogenic microbiome and bone regeneration”. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research 1 (2021): 3398-3406.
  16. A Yagi and BP Yu. “Gut microbiota: Influence of Aloe vera gel and calorie restriction”. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research 3 (2017): 2349-2353.
  17. Forslund SE. “Fasting intervention and its clinical effects on the human host and microbiome”. Journal of Internal Medicine (2022).
  18. FDA News Release: FDA approves novel, dual-targeted treatment for type -2 diabetes: In clinical trials, treatment proved more effective than other therapies evaluated for immediate release (2022).
  19. Crane PK., et al. “Glucose levels and risk of dementia”. The New England Journal of Medicine6 (2013): 540-548.
  20. Yagi A., et al. “Association of butyrate fermented in Aloe vera gel with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia progression. Case report 1: Mitigation of nursing care level”. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research 3 (2022): 3713-3718.
  21. Foadoddin M and Mofrad SA. “Effect of Aloe vera extract on depression in people with prediabetes”. Modern Care Journal2 (2020): e100927.

Akira Yagi et al. Prophylactic Role of Butyrate Fermented in Aloe vera Gel to Type-2 Diabetic Patients and Obesity Subjects: Case Reports of Obesity-Prone Individuals. EC Clinical and Medical Case Reports   6.1 (2023): 72-77.