EC Clinical and Medical Case Reports

Monkeypox (MPOX) infection poses a significant threat to human health, impacting various organ systems with diverse clinical manifestations. This review outlines the adverse effects of MPOX on specific human organs, including the brain, eyes, heart, lungs, and skin. Severe neurological complications, such as encephalitis and seizures, can occur. Ocular complications, more prevalent in unvaccinated individuals, can lead to vision-threatening issues. Early detection and intervention play a crucial role in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular complications such as myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Severe pulmonary complications include bronchopneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Dermatologic lesions, characteristic of MPOX, entail early diagnosis and collaborative management to avert scarring and secondary bacterial infections. Diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms, particularly the characteristic rash, and a comprehensive clinical history. Despite the absence of specifically approved treatments, prevention strategies, including vaccination and antiviral agents such as Brincidofovir, Tecovirimat, and Cidofovir, show promise in controlling MPOX outbreaks. Vigilant monitoring of cardiovascular parameters and personalized therapeutic interventions are crucial for comprehensive patient care. Research opportunities abound, with a need for a deeper understanding of the systemic and mucosal immune response to MPOX and the development of novel drugs.

Keywords: Brincidofovir; Cidofovir; Infectious Diseases; Monkeypox; Pandemic; Tecovirimat

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