EC Clinical and Medical Case Reports

A population of undifferentiated cells known as stem cells have a high proliferative capacity (self-renewal), typically developing from a single cell (clonal), differentiating into several cell and tissue types (potent). There are several sources of stem cells with varied potencies. Pluripotent cells are developed from the inner cell mass of the embryo by embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent cells are created by reprogramming somatic cells. Endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm are the three germ layers from which pluripotent cells can develop into tissue. In cellular treatment, stem cells can be employed to rebuild organs or replace damaged cells. Furthermore, stem cells have improved our knowledge of both disease causation and development. Moreover, disease-specific cell lines can be developed and employed in research. Many of these restrictions are being overcome, though, and this could result in significant advancements in the treatment of disease. In this review, the topic of stem cells is introduced, along with the definition, history, and classification of these cells, as well as their use in regenerative medicine. The immunogenetic aspect of stem cells has also been focused on extensively in this review.

Keyword: Stem Cells; Micro-RNA; Human Leukocyte Antigens; Stem Cell Therapy

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