EC Clinical and Medical Case Reports

Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant hematologic disorder characterized by the malignant proliferation of bone marrow plasma cells, leading to excessive production of monoclonal immunoglobulins responsible for bone, hematologic, and renal manifestations.

Objective of the Study: The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and biological profile of patients with MM hospitalized at Mohammed V Military Hospital in Rabat over a two-year period.

Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study conducted at HMIMV Rabat between June 2023 and June 2025, we included 56 patients with confirmed MM according to the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria. The study included an epidemiological survey covering age, sex, and medical history, as well as clinical and biological data collection. Laboratory investigations included complete blood count (CBC), peripheral blood smear, bone marrow aspiration, serum protein electrophoresis, and immunofixation. Data were collected from DxLab software and patients’ medical records, then analyzed using SPSS and Excel software.

Results: The mean age of patients was 64 years, with a male predominance (sex ratio 1.54). The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Clinically, bone pain was the main reason for consultation, followed by general health deterioration and renal failure. Biologically, anemia was present in 64.3% of cases, mostly normochromic normocytic, and bone marrow plasma cell infiltration >10% was observed in all patients.

Conclusion: Our findings are consistent with international data and highlight the importance of early detection of this hematologic malignancy to improve prognosis and patients’ quality of life.

 Keywords: Epidemiological Aspects; Biological Aspects; Multiple Myeloma

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